摘要
乡村回流人口是建设农业强国和实现乡村全面振兴的关键力量。文章利用重庆市奉节县的农户调查数据,针对山区农户生计的特殊性,在可持续生计分析框架基础上引入“空间资本”,深入研究返乡农户的生计策略、资源配置及结果特征,并探讨了其生计可持续能力的类型差异。结果表明:(1)返乡农户的生计类型选择呈现明显的非农化倾向,优先序为:非农业型>非农业主导型>纯农业型>兼业型>农业主导型。(2)返乡农户的生计策略更具灵活性与多样性,其生计多样性指数普遍高于全村均值。(3)不同生计类型的返乡农户在资本组合与禀赋上差异显著,其中纯农业型与农业主导型的物质、人力、金融资本积累高于全村同类型农户,而兼业型农户的空间资本更具优势。(4)基于“生计资本禀赋”与“生计多样性指数”2个维度,可将返乡农户划分为更新型、进取型、失落型、自主型四类,其中更新型可持续发展能力最强,自主型次之,进取型具有发展潜力,失落型可持续发展能力较弱。
The returning rural population is a key force in building a strong agricultural country and realizing the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.Based on the survey data of Fengjie County,Chongqing Municipality,this article constructs the analysis framework of sustainable livelihood and introduces the spatial capital according to the special characteristics of the livelihoods of mountainous households.It studies the characteristics of returning rural households in terms of their livelihood strategy choices,livelihood resource allocation,and livelihood outcomes,and explores the livelihood sustainability of returning rural households.The results show that:1)Returning rural households have obvious tendency of non-agricultural economic activities in the selection of livelihood types,their priority orders from high to low are non-agricultural type,non-agricultural dominant type,pure agricultural type,part-time type,and agricultural dominant type.2)Returning rural households have more flexible and diversified livelihood strategies,and the level of their livelihood diversification is generally higher than the average value of the whole village.3)It has significant differences in livelihood capital portfolio status and capital endowment among returning rural households with different livelihood types.The accumulation of physical capital,human capital and financial capital of purely agricultural type and agriculture-dominated type of returning rural households is significantly higher than that of the same types of farmers in the whole village,part-time type of farmers has more advantages in spatial capital.4)According to the livelihood capital endowment and livelihood diversity index,returning rural households can be divided into four types:updated type,enterprising type,lost type,and autonomous type.Among them,the updated type of returning rural households has the strongest capacity for sustainable livelihood development,followed by the autonomous type,the enterprising type has a certain capacity for livelihood development,and the lost type of returning rural households has a poorer capacity for sustainable livelihood development.
作者
杨庆媛
黄雅
苏康传
杨人豪
李瑶
刘家欣
YANG Qingyuan;HUANG Ya;SU Kangchuan;YANG Renhao;LI Yao;LIU Jiaxin(Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station&School of Geographical Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;New Liberal Arts Laboratory for Western Rural Sustainable Development,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Key Laboratory of Monitoring,Evaluation and Early Warning of Territorial Spatial Planning Implementation,Ministry of Natural Resources,Chongqing 401147,China)
出处
《经济地理》
北大核心
2025年第5期142-152,共11页
Economic Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42071234)
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(23YJC790114)
中央高校基本科研业务费—科研启动项目(SWU-KR23003)
西南大学2035先导计划(SwuPilotPlan031)。
关键词
返乡农户
乡村劳动力
空间资本
生计特征
可持续生计
奉节县
returning rural households
rural workforce
spatial capital
livelihood characteristics
sustainable livelihoods
Fengjie County
