摘要
菠萝(Ananas comosus)是一种营养丰富、风味独特的水果,为全球贸易量第二大的热带水果,在我国热带农业经济中占据重要地位,广西是我国菠萝的主产区之一。本研究旨在系统评估广西菠萝产业发展现状,识别制约产业升级的关键瓶颈,并提出科学对策,为区域农业供给侧结构性改革与乡村振兴战略提供重要依据。基于2019-2023年广西农业农村厅统计数据,结合菠萝主产区实地调研与CNKI数据库文献分析,采用描述性统计、产业竞争力分析及典型案例研究法,从产业地位和历史沿革、产业布局及品种结构、生产效率与经济效益、生产技术与管理水平、市场销售与品牌建设等维度解析菠萝产业动态。结果表明,2019-2023年,广西菠萝种植面积年均减少了8.9%,但单产提高了79.49%,每公顷产值增长了55.24%,呈现单产水平、单位面积附加值大幅度提高,产业效益显著提升的特征。品种更新比例达40%,台农系列及金菠萝等新品种推广成效显著,标准化生产技术推动每公顷产量突破42000 kg。然而,品种单一化(巴厘品种占比60%)、寒害与凋萎病频发(年均受灾面积占比31.7%)、加工率低(11.5%)等问题仍制约产业可持续发展。建议通过加强种质创新与优化产业布局,研发新品种配套栽培技术体系并进行示范推广,构建智能化绿色病虫害防控体系,完善采后处理体系、延伸加工产业链、提升产业组织化与市场推广效能等措施,实现广西菠萝产业从“面减质升”向“质效双增”的跨越式发展。本研究的成果可为热带水果产业高质量发展提供参考。
Pineapple(Ananas comosus)is a nutritious fruit with unique flavor,and is the second biggest commercial tropical fruit in the world.The fruit has an important position in China's tropical agricultural economy,and Guangxi is one of the main production areas of pineapple in China.This study aimed to systematically evaluate the current development status of the pineapple industry in Guangxi,identify the bottlenecks constraining industrial upgrading,and propose appropriate countermeasures to provide critical insights for regional agricultural supply-side structural reform and rural revitalization strategies.Based on statistical data from Guangxi Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(2019-2023),field surveys in the major pineapple production areas and literature analysis from the CNKI database,this study conducted descriptive statistics,industrial competitiveness analysis and case studies to analyze the dynamics from perspectives including industrial status and historical evolution,industrial layout and variety structure,production efficiency and economic benefits,production technology and management level,marketing and and brand building of the pineapple industry.From 2019 to 2023,the pineapple cultivation area in Guangxi decreased by 8.9%annually,while the yield per unit area increased by 79.49%,and output value per hectare(hm^(2))rose by 55.24%,demonstrating a trend of significant improvements in yield and value-increase per unit area,bringing burgeoning industrial efficiency.The cultivar replacement rate reached 40%,with notable success in promoting new cultivars such as the Tainong cultivars and Golden Pineapple.Standardized cultivation technologies in pineapple production achieved high yields beyond 42000 kg/hm^(2).However,problems such as single variety dominance(Bali variety accounting for 60%),frequent cold weather damage and wilt disease(annual affected area accounting for 31.7%),and low processing rate(11.5%)are still limiting sustainable development of the industry.To achieve a leapfrog advancements from“reduced scale with improved quality”to“enhancement of both quality and efficiency”,the follwing suggestions are proposed:germplasm should be innovated and industrial layout should be optimized;cultivation techniques for new varieties should be developed and demonstrated;an intelligent and environmentally-friendly pest control system should be established;measures should be taken to improve post-harvest processing systems,extend processing industry chains and reach greater efficiency of industrial organization and marketing promotion.The results of this research provide references for high-quality development of tropical fruit industries.
作者
邓彪
刘开创
柴改凤
郑平
王路路
陶慧
陈仁雄
冼通
杜路淼
刘业强
王露儒
刘润泽
秦源
王小媚
DENG Biao;LIU KaiChuang;CHAI GaiFeng;ZHENG Ping;WANG LuLu;TAO Hui;CHEN RenXiong;XIAN Tong;DU LuMiao;LIU YeQiang;WANG LuRu;LIU RunZe;QIN Yuan;WANG XiaoMei(GuangxiAcademy ofAgricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350000,China;Guangxi Huanong Pineapple Modern Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530000,China;Guangxi Lyuyuan Farm Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530000,China;Guangxi Xin GreenAgriculture Co.,Ltd.,Fangchenggang,Guangxi 538037,China)
出处
《农业研究与应用》
2025年第3期226-234,共9页
Agricultural Research and Application
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系广西特色水果创新团队(nycytxgxcxtd-2024-17)
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22068096)。
关键词
菠萝
产期调控
避寒栽培
产业链协同
广西
Pineapple
production period regulation
cold-proof cultivation
collaboration of industrial chain
Guangxi
