摘要
抗生素菌渣的无害化处理与资源化利用已成为制药行业面临的紧迫挑战。为有效推动抗生素菌渣的资源化利用,采用高温造粒技术处理青霉素、头孢菌素和阿维菌素3种抗生素菌渣,评估肥料化前后理化性质及特征污染物的变化情况。检测了pH、含水率、有机质、总养分(氮、磷、钾)等关键理化指标,以及重金属、多环芳烃(PAHs)和抗生素的浓度变化。此外,使用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术检测抗生素菌渣及其菌渣肥中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)和可移动遗传元件(MGEs)的丰度。结果表明,3种菌渣肥的pH为5.74~6.63,含水率为0.23%~1.12%,总养分含量高(总养分质量分数介于8.27%~12.36%),有机质质量分数均超过43%,砷、汞、铅、镉、铬等重金属浓度均在限定范围内,符合《有机肥料》(NY/T 525—2021)和《生物有机肥》(NY 884—2012)的标准。肥料化后,PAHs浓度上升,但风险较低。高温造粒技术能显著降低菌渣中的抗生素残留,3种菌渣肥的抗生素去除率均超过94%。高温造粒技术有望使菌渣中ARGs和MGEs丰度降低,使之具有优质有机肥潜力,但仍需开展大田或盆栽实验来进一步探究其长期安全性及对土壤和农作物的影响。
The environmentally safe disposal and resource recovery of antibiotic fermentation residues have emerged as critical challenges for pharmaceutical industry.In response to this,our study employed high-temperature granulation technology to process fermentation residues from three major antibiotics(penicillin,cephalosporin,and abamectin),aiming to effectively promote their resource utilization.The evaluation focused on changes in physicochemical properties and characteristic pollutants before and after transformation into fertilizers.Key physicochemical indicators,such as pH,moisture content,organic matter,and total nutrients(nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium)were measured,along with the concentrations of heavy metals,PAHs,and antibiotics.Additionally,real-time fluorescence quantification-PCR technology was used to detect the abundance of ARGs and MGEs in the fermentation residues and their corresponding fertilizers.The results indicated that the pH of the three types of fertilizer residues ranged from 5.74 to 6.63,with moisture content between 0.23%and 1.12%.The total nutrient content was high,with their mass fraction ranging from 8.27%to 12.36%,and the organic matter mass fraction was above 43%.The concentrations of heavy metals such as arsenic,mercury,lead,cadmium,and chromium were within specified limits,meeting the standards of“Organic fertilizer”(NY/T 525-2021)and“Bio-organic fertilizer”(NY 884-2012).After fertilization,PAHs concentrations increased,but the risk remained low.High-temperature granulation technology significantly reduced the antibiotic residues in the fermentation residues,with removal efficiencies above 94%.Furthermore,high-temperature granulation technology was expected to effectively decrease the abundance of ARGs and MGEs in the residues,indicating a high potential for producing quality organic fertilizers.However,further field or pot experiments were required to investigate its long-term safety and impact on soil and crops.
作者
万瑞琪
荀彦平
郭大龙
迭庆杞
杨玉飞
孟令易
WAN Ruiqi;XUN Yanping;GUO Dalong;DIE Qingqi;YANG Yufei;MENG Lingyi(Ministry of Ecology and Environment Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100000;Inner Mongolia Enterprise Key Laboratory of Damaged Environment Appraisal,Evaluation and Restoration,Inner Mongolia Environmental Protection Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010000;Inner Mongolia Environmental Governance Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010000)
出处
《环境污染与防治》
北大核心
2025年第7期57-64,I0020,I0021,共10页
Environmental Pollution & Control
基金
黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究项目(No.2022-YRUC-01-0307)。
