摘要
所有权保留、动产让与担保和融资租赁等形式上转移所有权的动产担保权能否排除强制执行,存在争议。此三类担保权可统称为动产所有权型担保权,适用共同的排除强制执行标准。其能否排除,取决于担保动产在责任财产上的归属,而不取决于担保权人的权利是所有权还是担保权。担保权人经登记可对抗不特定第三人,包括在后查封的执行债权人。其权利若被解释为所有权,则经登记具有排除强制执行效力;即使该权利被解释为担保权,也属于担保权人的特别责任财产,而非担保人的责任财产,故担保动产不在执行客体范围内。此时,允许强制执行会侵害该担保权。故动产所有权型担保权有排除强制执行效力。无论担保权人是否以意思表示解除合同,担保人都在发生担保实现事由时转为无权占有。此时,有权占有的担保权人可选择依取回权等物权请求权主张排除强制执行,而非仅能提起行为异议、等待参与分配和主张优先受偿。
There is ongoing controversy over whether the security rights in movable property that involve the formal transfer of ownership,such as retention of title,Security Transfer of Title,and financial leasing,can exclude compulsory enforcement.These three types of security interests can be collectively referred to as“chattel ownership-type security rights”and should be subject to a uniform standard for exclusion of compulsory enforcement.Whether they can be excluded depends on the attribution of the secured chattel within the scope of liable property,rather than on whether the secured party’s right is characterized as ownership or security interest.The secured party can counter against unspecified third parties through registration,including enforcement creditors with subsequent seizures.If the right is construed as ownership,registration grants it the effect of excluding compulsory enforcement.Even if the right is construed as a security interest,the secured chattel belongs to the special liable property of the secured party rather than the warrantor’s liable property,and thus falls outside the scope of enforceable property.In such case,allowing enforcement would infringe upon the secured party’s rights.Therefore,the chattel ownership-type security rights have the effect of excluding compulsory enforcement.Regardless of whether the secured party terminates the contract by declaration of intent,the warrantor converts to unlawful possession when the cause for realizing the security occurs.At this point,the secured party with lawful possession may choose to assert a claim for exclusion of compulsory enforcement based on a real right claim,such as a right of repossession,rather than merely filing an objection against the enforcement act,awaiting participation in distribution,or asserting priority of repayment.
作者
王佳文
Wang Jiawen(School of Law,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200082)
出处
《河南财经政法大学学报》
2025年第4期142-155,共14页
Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law
基金
2023年国家社会科学基金一般项目“金融司法价值原则的体系构建”(项目编号:23BFX031)
2024年国家社会科学基金青年项目“数字时代货币私法规范的体系构建研究”(项目编号:24CFX041)
2024年国家建设高水平大学公派留学基金项目(项目编号:202406480002)的阶段性成果。
关键词
动产所有权担保
登记对抗主义
责任财产
排除强制执行
取回权
chattle ownership security
registration confrontation doctrine
liable property
exclusion of compulsory enforcement
right of repossession
