摘要
探索水肥耦合对苹果幼树生长及矿质元素含量的影响,为阿克苏地区矮化栽培苹果的水肥管理提供理论依据。以‘烟富10’/M9T-337(3 a生大苗)为供试材料,设置灌水定额和施肥2个因素,灌水定额为W1(179 m^(3)/667 m^(2))和W2(143 m^(3)/667 m^(2)),施肥设3水平,N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O分别为T1(5.5-6.5-4 kg/667 m^(2))、T2(4.4-5.2-3.2 kg/667 m^(2))、T3(3.3-3.9-2.4 kg/667 m^(2)),不施肥W1灌溉定额为对照(CK),研究水肥耦合对苹果幼树生长、土壤以及叶片矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明:(1)水肥耦合可以促进苹果幼树的株高生长和径增粗,其中W2T2的处理对苹果幼树株高生长量和径增粗量的影响最大,分别较CK提高了119.21%和223.74%。(2)各处理0~20 cm土层土壤中OM、TN、AP、Na的含量显著提高,而Mn、Mg、Ca的含量无明显变化;20~40 cm土层土壤中OM、AP、AK、Zn、Na的含量也明显增加,而Mg、Ca则无明显变化;40~60 cm土层土壤中AP、Na的含量显著增加,而Mn、Mg、Ca均无显著变化。苹果幼树叶片中P、K、Na的含量均显著增加。(3)相关性分析表明,土壤中的TN、Na与叶片中的N、Na矿质元素含量均呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关性,土壤中的AP、AK、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn与叶片中相对应矿质元素含量之间均呈显著(P<0.05)正相关性。综上所述,水肥耦合可促进苹果幼树株高生长与径增粗,提高土壤肥力,其中W2T2(灌水定额143 m^(3)/667 m^(2),施肥量4.4-5.2-3.2 kg/667 m^(2))的水肥耦合处理效果最优。
This study explored the effects of water–fertilizer coupling on the growth and mineral element content of young apple trees.The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for water and fertilizer management in dwarf apple cultivation in the Aksu region.The experiment used three-year-old'Yanfu 10'/M9T-337 seedlings,with two irrigation quotas and three fertilization levels applied.The irrigation treatments were W1(179 m^(3)/667 m^(2))and W2(143 m^(3)/667 m^(2)),while the fertilization treatments were:T1(5.5-6.5-4 kg/667 m^(2)),T2(4.4–5.2–3.2 kg/667 m^(2)),and T3(3.3–3.9–2.4 kg/667 m^(2)),based on N–P_(2)O_(5)–K_(2)O ratios.The W1 treatment without fertilization served as the control(CK).The results showed that:(1)Water–fertilizer coupling promoted the height and diameter growth of apple saplings.The W2T2 treatment had the most significant effect,increasing height and diameter by 119.21%and 223.74%,respectively,compared to CK.(2)In the 0~20 cm soil layer,the contents of OM(organic matter),TN(total nitrogen),AP(available phosphorus),and Na significantly increased under all treatments,while Mn,Mg,and Ca showed no significant changes.In the 2~40 cm layer,OM,AP,AK(available potassium),Zn,and Na significantly increased,while Mg and Ca did not change significantly.In the 40~60 cm layer,AP and Na significantly increased,whereas Mn,Mg,and Ca remained unchanged.The contents of P,K,and Na in leaves also significantly increased.(3)Correlation analysis revealed a highly significant(P<0.01)positive correlation between soil TN and Na with leaf N and Na.Significant(P<0.05)positive correlations were also observed between soil AP,AK,Ca,Mg,Zn,Mn and their corresponding leaf mineral contents.In conclusion,water–fertilizer coupling promotes the growth of young apple trees and improves soil fertility.Among all treatments,W2T2(irrigation quota:143 m^(3)/667 m^(2);fertilization:4.4–5.2–3.2 kg/667 m^(2))is the most effective.
作者
刘鹏飞
谢发旺
李文胜
包布和
张振军
LIU Pengfei;XIE Fawang;LI Wensheng;BAO Buhe;ZHANG Zhenjun(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China;Forestry Survey,Planning and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China;Forestry Technology Extension Service Center of Aksu Region,Aksu,Xinjiang 842008,China;Aksu Fengjin Modern Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd.,Aksu,Xinjiang 842008,China)
出处
《陕西农业科学》
2025年第6期38-46,共9页
Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项课题专题“特色林果优质高效轻简化栽培关键技术”(2023A02002-3)
新疆林果产业技术体系(XJLGCYJSTX04-2024)。
关键词
苹果幼树
水肥耦合
矿质元素
相关性
Apple saplings
Water–fertilizer coupling
Mineral elements
Correlation
