摘要
[目的]谷子是重要的杂粮作物,具有耐瘠薄、耐干旱、生育期短等特点。谷子籽粒脱壳后俗称小米,富含蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、膳食纤维以及丰富的人体所必需的微量元素,营养价值极高。随着公众对健康品质的意识逐渐提高,筛选出具有高品质的谷子品种变得至关重要。谷子的品质由外观品质、蒸煮食味品质、营养品质等方面的评价指标决定,但对大量地方品种进行全面的品质分析与综合质量评估的报道较少,限制了高品质谷子的筛选与育种。[方法]从山西省各种植区域挑选312份谷子地方品种进行品质分析,测定4个外观品质指标、7个蒸煮品质指标、3个营养品质指标后,采用遗传多样性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析的多元统计分析计算不同谷子品种3类品质的综合得分并进行综合质量评估。[结果]遗传多样性指数结果表明,所有品质指标指数均大于1.00,依次为淀粉含量>低谷黏度>崩解值>峰值黏度>最终黏度>蛋白质含量>回升值>L*>糊化温度>黄色素含量>CCI>糊化时间>a*>b*,表明不同谷子地方品种相关品质性状的遗传变异丰富。相关性分析表明,山西地区312份谷子品种的淀粉含量和黄色素含量越高,其外观品质中的米色越黄、蒸煮品质中的糊化特性越高,适口性越好,进一步表明谷子的外观品质、蒸煮品质、营养品质间关系密切。主成分分析将14个指标降维生成6个主成分,累计贡献率达到85.12%,能够基本涵盖地方品种中品质指标的信息。长治市沁源县的小红谷得分排名第1。[结论]312份谷子品种14个品质指标综合评估表明,来自沁源的小红谷品质最高,后期可作为培育优质谷子品种的亲本材料。
[Objective]Foxtail millet is an important coarse cereal crop,characterized by its tolerance to poor soils,drought resis⁃tance,and short growth period.The dehulled grains,commonly known as millet,are rich in protein,fat,carbohydrates,di⁃etary fiber,and essential trace elements,offering high nutritional value.With increasing public awareness of health and quality,screening high-quality foxtail millet varieties has become crucial.The quality of foxtail millet is determined by evaluation index⁃es such as appearance,cooking flavor quality,and nutritional quality.However,comprehensive quality analysis and integrated quality assessment of a large number of local varieties remain limited,restricting the screening and breeding of high-quality fox⁃tail millet.[Methods]A total of 312 foxtail millet landraces from various growing regions in Shanxi Province were selected for quality analysis.Four appearance quality indexes,seven cooking flavor quality indexes,and three nutritional quality indexes were measured.Multivariate statistical analyses including genetic diversity analysis,correlation analysis,and principal compo⁃nent analysis were conducted to calculate comprehensive scores for the three quality categories and perform an integrated quality assessment.[Results]The genetic diversity index showed that all quality indexes were greater than 1.00,ranked as follows:starch content>trough viscosity>disintegration value>peak viscosity>final viscosity>protein content>recovery value>L*>pasting temperature>yellow pigment content>CCI>pasting time>a*value>b*value,indicating rich genetic variation in qual⁃ity-related traits among the different landraces.Correlation analysis revealed that higher starch and yellow pigment content in the 312 foxtail millet varieties were associated with yellower grain color(appearance quality),better gelatinization properties(cooking quality),and improved palatability,further demonstrating a close relationship among appearance,cooking,and nutri⁃tional quality.Principal component analysis reduced the 14 indicators to six principal components,with a cumulative contribu⁃tion rate of 85.12%,effectively capturing the quality-related information of the landraces.“Little Red Valley”(Xiaohonggu)from Qinyuan County,Changzhi City,ranked first in the comprehensive evaluation.[Conclusion]The integrated assessment of 14 quality indexes across 312 foxtail millet varieties indicated that“Little Red Valley”from Qinyuan exhibited the highest quali⁃ty and could be used as parental material for breeding superior foxtail millet varieties in future studies.
作者
潘怡敏
阳世杰
黄蕊
侯森
王海岗
Pan Yimin;Yang Shijie;Huang Rui;Hou Sen;Wang Haigang(College of Agronomy/Agricultural Genetic Resources Research Center,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)
出处
《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期16-26,共11页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
山西农业大学博士科研启动项目(2021BQ37)
科技重大专项计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(202101140601027)
山西省农业关键核心技术攻关子课题(NYGG19-2-3)。
关键词
谷子
地方品种
品质分析
综合质量评估
Grain
Landraces
Quality analysis
Comprehensive quality assessment
