摘要
为全面了解福建梁野山国家级自然保护区的野生动物资源现状,于2022年9月至2023年10月,利用红外相机技术对该保护区全域的大中型兽类和地栖性鸟类进行监测,按照1 km×1 km的网格共布设181台红外相机,累计相机日达60901个,共获得独立有效照片43888份,并发现兽类4目11科17种、鸟类12目26科62种,新增保护区鸟兽纪录21种。其中,小灵猫(Viverricula indica)、黄腹角雉(Tragopan caboti)和白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti)为国家一级重点保护野生动物,中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)、豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)和斑林狸(Prionodon pardicolor)等18种为国家二级重点保护野生动物;被中国生物多样性红色名录列为濒危(EN)的有1种,易危(VU)的有6种,近危(NT)的有13种;被国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录列为易危的有3种,近危的有1种;还有6种为中国特有种。相对多度指数和网格占有率排前3位的兽类分别为小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)、鼬獾(Melogale moschata)和野猪(Sus scrofa);相对多度指数排前3位的鸟类分别为白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、灰胸竹鸡(Bambusicola thoracica)、黑领噪鹛(Pterorhinus pectoralis);网格占有率排前3位的鸟类分别为白鹇、黑领噪鹛和灰树鹊(Dendrocitta formosae)。兽类和鸟类物种数在实验区、缓冲区和核心区的组间差异均不显著,但缓冲区和核心区的兽类和鸟类相对多度指数均显著高于实验区。日活动节律分析表明,鼬獾为夜行性,小麂为晨昏型,野猪、白鹇、灰胸竹鸡和黑领噪鹛均为昼行性。时间重叠分析结果表明,小麂与野猪的日活动节律之间存在较高的时间重叠(重叠系数Δ4=0.85),白鹇与灰胸竹鸡的日活动节律之间存在较高的时间重叠(Δ4=0.91),预示着物种间有较强的竞争作用。调查结果说明该保护区的鸟兽资源丰富,可为保护区制定管理策略和开展科研监测提供参考。
To fully understand the status of wildlife resources in the Liangyeshan National Nature Reserve in Fujian Province,infrared camera technology was used to monitor terrestrial mammals and birds throughout the reserve from September 2022 to October 2023.A total of 181 infrared cameras were deployed on a 1 km×1 km grid,accumulating 60,901 camera trap days and yielding 43,888 independent valid photos.The survey recorded 17 mammal species belonging to 11 families in 4 orders,and 62 bird species belonging to 26 families in 12 orders,including 21 species newly documented in the reserve.Among these,three species such as Viverricula indica,Tragopan caboti,and Syrmaticus ellioti,are nationally classified as first-class protected wildlife;18 species such as Capricornis milneedwardsii,Prionailurus bengalensis,and Prionodon pardicolor are second-class nationally protected wildlife.According to the China Biodiversity Red List,one species is listed as Endangered(EN),six as Vulnerable(VU),and thirteen as Near Threatened(NT).According to the IUCN Red List,three species are Vulnerable and one is Near Threatened.Additionally,six species are endemic to China.Based on the relative abundance index and grid occupancy rate,the top three mammal species are Muntiacus reevesi,Melogale moschata,and Sus scrofa.The top three bird species by relative abundance index are Lophura nycthemera,Bambusicola thoracica,and Pterorhinus pectoralis;the top three birds ranked by grid occupancy are L.nycthemera,P.pectoralis,and Dendrocitta formosae.There were no significant differences in mammal and bird species richness among the different zoning areas,but the relative abundance indices of mammals and birds in either the buffer or core zones were significantly higher than those in the experimental zone.Activity rhythm analysis indicated nocturnal behavior for M.moschata,crepuscular behavior for M.reevesi,and diurnal activity for S.scrofa,L.nycthemera,B.thoracica,and P.pectoralis.Temporal overlap analysis showed a high degree of daily activity overlap between M.reevesi and S.scrofa,and between L.nycthemera and B.thoracica,suggesting strong interspecific competition.These results provide basic information for monitoring wildlife resources for developing management strategies in the reserve.
作者
姬程鹏
林裕芳
兰作闽
黄晓春
姚文杨
曾起瞄
黄丽
乐通潮
谭芳林
JI Cheng-peng;LIN Yu-fang;LAN Zuo-min;HUANG Xiao-chun;YAO Wen-yang;ZENG Qi-miao;HUANG Li;LE Tong-chao;TAN Fang-lin(Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences,Fuzhou 350012,China;Fujian Quanzhou Bay Wetland Ecosystem National Positioning Research Station,Quanzhou 362000,China;Fujian Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation and Forest Products Processing and Utilization,Fuzhou 350012,China;Management Bureau of Liangyeshan National Nature Reserve,Wuping 364300,China;Longyan Wildlife Protection and Management Station,Longyan 364399,China;Fujian Forestry Survey and Design Institute,Fuzhou 350001,China)
出处
《生态与农村环境学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期912-920,共9页
Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(32400416)
福建省科技计划(2016R1010-8,2021R1010003)。
