摘要
全球能源需求不断增长,钙基电池因其资源丰富(钙在地壳中的储量约为锂的2500倍)、电化学性能优异(体积比容量高达2073 mA·h·cm^(-3))以及环境友好等优势,被视为下一代高性能储能技术的有力竞争者。然而,钙基电池的发展仍面临多重挑战,包括金属钙难以实现高效可逆的沉积/剥离、电解液体系电化学稳定窗口有限,以及高性能正极材料匮乏等关键问题。系统梳理了近年来钙基电池领域的研究进展,重点围绕钙负极优化、电解液优化、正极反应体系设计以及新型电池结构构建等方面展开综述。针对当前技术瓶颈,归纳了代表性研究中提出的机制理解与技术策略,探讨了钙基电池在储能场景中的潜在应用前景,提出未来可以优化钙离子的溶剂化结构和界面动力学、扩大离子扩散通道并缓解体积膨胀、提升电极材料的氧化还原电位和容量、开发高性能柔性钙基电池等方面作为发展方向,旨在为推动钙基电池技术突破提供全面的理论依据与技术参考,推动钙基电池走向实际应用,并最终实现其在储能领域的全部潜力。
Calcium-based batteries have attracted increasing attention as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,owing to the natural abundance of calcium(approximately 2500 times more abundant than lithium in the Earth's crust),its high volumetric capacity(2073 mA·h·cm^(-3)),and favourable environmental profile.Despite these advantages,their development remains hindered by several fundamental challenges,including inefficient and irreversible calcium metal plating/stripping,narrow electrochemical stability windows of electrolytes,and the scarcity of high-performance cathode materials.Here we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in calcium-based battery research,with a focus on calcium metal anode design,rational electrolyte design,development of cathode chemistries,and advances in cell configurations.We critically examine the underlying mechanisms and representative strategies proposed to address current bottlenecks,and discuss emerging opportunities for calcium-based systems in grid-scale and extreme-environment applications.This Review aims to offer a clear perspective on the path toward practical calcium-based batteries and to inspire future research directions for unlocking their full potential.
作者
叶蕾
廖萌
王兵杰
彭慧胜
YE Lei;LIAO Meng;WANG Bingjie;PENG Huisheng(State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers,Department of Macromolecular Science,Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices,and Laboratory of Advanced Materials,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)
出处
《科技导报》
北大核心
2025年第12期110-120,共11页
Science & Technology Review
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(T2321003)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFA1203002)。
关键词
钙基电池
正极材料
电解液
负极材料
可持续性
calcium-based battery
cathode materials
electrolyte
anode materials
sustainability
