摘要
在当前“双碳”背景下,冶金流程典型大宗固废及其他大宗工业固废的高值化利用已成为行业亟待解决的问题。冶金流程大宗固废中的高炉渣、除尘灰与其他大宗工业固废中的粉煤灰与煤矸石中均含有较丰富的硅、铝等有效资源,通过相应调质、配比处理,可以将上述固废制成具有良好隔热耐火性能的无机纤维材料,进而实现冶金流程大宗固废及其他大宗工业固废的高值化利用。总结了以调质高炉渣作为原料制备矿棉纤维、以除尘灰协同粉煤灰或煤矸石作为原料制备硅-铝系陶瓷纤维材料的研究进展;从基本原理、试验研究及生产实践3个方面分析了喷吹法与离心法制备无机纤维的研究进展。分别开展了以调质高炉渣为原料通过喷吹法与离心法制备矿棉纤维的中试试验研究,结果表明,喷吹压力对纤维渣球含量的影响较显著,对纤维平均直径的影响较小,当喷吹压力从0.20 MPa升高至0.38 MPa时纤维渣球质量分数从25%下降至16%,纤维直径基本无变化;辊轮转速对纤维渣球含量基本无影响,对纤维直径的影响较为显著,随着辊轮转速升高,纤维平均直径从3.17μm下降至2.73μm;对比了2种方法制得矿棉纤维在纤维直径、纤维渣球含量及纤维抗压强度3个方面的差异。另外,概括了以冶金流程大宗固废协同其他大宗工业固废为原料制备的硅-铝系无机纤维材料在建筑、工业、气凝胶及光催化材料方面的应用前景;在现有的研究基础上提出了冶金流程大宗固废制备无机纤维材料的研究方向,以进一步推动行业实现变废为宝,节能降碳。
Under the current"dual-carbon"framework,the high-value utilization of typical large-scale solid wastes from metallurgical processes and other major industrial sources has emerged as a critical issue demanding urgent reso⁃lution within the industry.Large-scale solid wastes from metallurgical processes,including blast furnace slag and dust ash,as well as other major industrial solid wastes such as fly ash and coal gangue,are rich in valuable resources like silicon and aluminum.Through appropriate conditioning and proportioning treatments,these solid wastes can be transformed into inorganic fiber materials exhibiting excellent thermal insulation and refractory properties,thereby achieving high-value utilization of both metallurgical and other major industrial solid wastes.The research progress in preparing mineral wool fibers is reviewed,using conditioned blast furnace slag as the raw material and siliconaluminum-based ceramic fiber materials using dust ash in combination with fly ash or coal gangue.It analyzes the advancements in the production of inorganic fibers via the spray-blowing method and the centrifugal method from three perspectives,fundamental principles,experimental studies,and industrial practices.Pilot-scale experimental studies are conducted to produce mineral wool fibers from conditioned blast furnace slag using both spray-blowing and centrifugal methods.The results indicate that spray-blowing pressure significantly affects the content of fiber slag balls,while having minimal impact on the average fiber diameter.Specifically,increasing the spray-blowing pressure from 0.20 MPa to 0.38 MPa reduces the fiber slag ball mass fraction from 25%to 16%,with negligible changes in fiber diameter.Conversely,roller speed has little effect on fiber slag ball content but significantly influ⁃ences fiber diameter;as roller speed increases,the average fiber diameter decreases from 3.17μm to 2.73μm.The study further compares the differences between mineral wool fibers produced by the two methods in terms of fiber diameter,fiber slag ball content,and fiber compressive strength.Additionally,it outlines the application prospects of silicon-aluminum-based inorganic fiber materials,derived from metallurgical large-scale solid wastes in conjunc⁃tion with other major industrial solid wastes,in sectors such as construction,industry,aerogels,and photocatalytic materials.Building upon the existing research foundation,future research directions for the production of inorganic fiber materials from metallurgical large-scale solid wastes is proposed,aiming to further advance waste valorization,energy conservation,and carbon reduction.
作者
陈伟
于建宇
张玉柱
肖永力
王宝祥
赵凯
甄常亮
CHEN Wei;YU Jianyu;ZHANG Yuzhu;XIAO Yongli;WANG Baoxiang;ZHAO Kai;ZHEN Changliang(College of Metallurgy and Energy,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,Hebei,China;Central Research Institute,China Baowu Group,Shanghai 201900,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,Hebei,China)
出处
《钢铁》
北大核心
2025年第6期1-15,共15页
Iron and Steel
基金
国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAE09B00)
科技部十二五重大科技支撑专项资助项目(2013BAB03B01)
河北省科技计划创新团队资助项目(215A7605D)
河北省军民融合资助项目(SJMYF202317)
唐山市科技计划资助项目(22130224G)
河北省科技厅中央引导地方资助项目(23623806G)。
关键词
高炉渣
除尘灰
粉煤灰
煤矸石
硅铝系固废
无机纤维
喷吹成纤
离心成纤
无机纤维应用
blast furnace slag
dust ash
fly ash
gangue
silicon aluminum solid waste
inorganic fibers
spray blowing fiber formation
centrifugal spinning
application of inorganic fibers
