摘要
为了探究养殖模式对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)品质的影响,对通框网箱、深水网箱和工船养殖的大规格(500~550 g)和小规格(250~330 g)大黄鱼形体、质构、基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、滋味轮廓和挥发性气味进行测定,通过正交偏最小二乘法判别分析综合评价了上述指标的差异。结果显示,工船养殖大黄鱼的体形优于深水和通框网箱养殖大黄鱼;相同规格工船和深水网箱大黄鱼的硬度、粘附性和胶粘性高于通框网箱;不同养殖模式下大规格大黄鱼粗脂肪含量低于小规格;工船养殖和深水网箱大黄鱼单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于通框网箱;工船养殖大黄鱼具有较高的鲜味和甜味,深水网箱养殖大黄鱼丰富度较高;小规格大黄鱼异戊醛、2-蒎烯、丙烯酸乙酯、2-丁酮和丁醛-D等含量高于大规格大黄鱼;正交偏最小二乘判别分析筛选出反油酸、2-丁醇-M、丁醛-M、鲜味、涩味回味、丰富度、蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸是区分不同养殖模式大黄鱼的重要指标。综上所述,工船养殖和深水网箱等新兴养殖能提高大黄鱼体形、质构和滋味,反油酸、2-丁醇-M、丁醛-M、鲜味、涩味回味、丰富度、蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸可用于不同养殖模式大黄鱼的区分。
Large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea)fish are a major marine aquaculture product in China.They mainly farmed in nearshore floating cages,but the irrational layout of nearshore aquaculture and high aquaculture density seriously affect the flesh quality.Offshore aquaculture—such as deep-water cages and offshore ships—has the advantages of a wide area and good water quality,resulting in improvement in the quality of large yellow croaker cultured in offshore systems.Nevertheless,instances exist in which large yellow croaker raised in nearshore floating cages may be misrepresented as being cultured in offshore systems,likely motivated by the higher market value associated with offshore cultivation.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the quality characteristics of large yellow croaker cultured in different modes and screen for representative indices that can be used to distinguish between these different modes.Thus,large(500–550 g)and small(250–330 g)fish reared in deep-water cages,floating cages,and offshore ship systems were collected from October to November 2023.The deep-water and floating cages were fixed in the Sandu Bay,Ningde City,Fujian Province.In the offshore system,fish were cultured in Guoxin 1,which shifted between the Ningde and Qingdao Sea areas.After collection,the morphology,texture,basic nutrients,amino acids,fatty acids,taste profile,and volatile compound odor of the flesh were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)the morphology of large yellow croaker reared offshore was better than that nearshore with lower condition factor and higher body length/height and caudal peduncle length/height.The condition factor and body length/height ratio of the larger fish were lower than those of the smaller fish in the same culture mode.(2)The hardness,adhesiveness,and stickiness of the fish from offshore ships and deep-water cages were higher than those from floating cages of the same size.For fish from the same culture mode,the hardness,adhesion,and chewiness of the larger fish were higher than that of the smaller fish.The springiness of the smaller fish cultured in floating cages was significantly lower than that of the larger fish.(3)The crude fat content of the larger fish was lower than that of the smaller fish across different farming modes.For the larger fish cultured in floating cages,the crude fat content was significantly higher than that of fish in the other two culture modes and was lowest in the offshore ship system.Fish cultured in the offshore ship system had lower protein levels than those in the other two culture modes.In the same culture mode,the ash content of the smaller fish was lower than that of the larger fish,but the moisture contents were similar.Nutritional evaluation of amino acids suggested that the limiting amino acid of the smaller fish was isoleucine(ILE),while in the larger fish,it was MET and cysteine(CYS).The monounsaturated fatty acid content of the fish reared in offshore ships and deep-water cages was significantly higher than that of fish reared in floating cages.The eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)levels of the fish were significantly higher in deep-water and offshore ship systems than in floating cages.(4)Inosine monophosphate(IMP)contributes more to the flavor of large yellow croaker,and in the same culture mode,the IMP content of the larger fish was significantly higher than that of the smaller fish.Large yellow croaker reared offshore exhibited higher umami and sweet tastes,whereas those reared in deep-water cages showed higher richness.Large yellow croaker cultured in floating cages had higher levels of 2-methylbutyraldehyde,2-methylpropionaldehyde,isopropylidene acetone,acetone,2-hexanone,2-pentanone,ethyl caproate,and methyl acetate than those cultured in the other two modes,indicating a richer volatile flavor.Isovaleraldehyde,alpha-pinene,ethyl acrylate,2-butanone,and butanal-D contents were higher in the smaller fish than in the larger fish,indicating a more intense fruity flavor.Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis identified methyl trans-9-octadecenoate,2-butanol-M,butanal-M,umami,astringent aftertaste,richness,methionine,and cysteine as important indicators for distinguishing large yellow croaker reared under different culture modes.In summary,emerging culture modes such as offshore ships and deep-water cages are important ways to improve the quality of large yellow croaker by improving the body shape,texture,and taste.
作者
孙威博
魏帮鸿
庄小妹
马园
董彩文
郭全友
SUN Weibo;WEI Banghong;ZHUANG Xiaomei;MA Yuan;DONG Caiwen;GUO Quanyou(School of Food and Biotechnology,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450000,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)
出处
《渔业科学进展》
北大核心
2025年第4期140-152,共13页
Progress in Fishery Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2401103)
中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2023XT0701,2023TD73)
中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2022ZD02)共同资助。
关键词
大黄鱼
养殖模式
规格
品质
风味
Large yellow croaker
Culture modes
Size
Quality
Flavor
