摘要
【目的】提高温室大棚无土栽培樱桃番茄产量及品质,降低发病率,开发适合樱桃番茄无土栽培实际需求的基质配方。【方法】以“美橙”为试验材料,v(蚯蚓粪)∶v(有机肥)∶v(椰糠)∶v(珍珠岩)=3.5∶2∶2∶2.5为基质基础配方(CK),在CK基础上添加1%黄腐酸钾(F1)、2.5%黄腐酸钾(F2)、5%黄腐酸钾(F3),5%稻壳生物炭(C1)、10%稻壳生物炭(C2)、20%稻壳生物炭(C3),通过悬架栽培探究其对无土栽培樱桃番茄的促生和品质提升效果。【结果】两种基质改良剂对樱桃番茄不同生长时期的株高、茎粗、叶面积均有促生效果。在坐果期,F1处理茎粗和叶面积相比于CK提高2.67%和18.84%,同时F3和C3组对比CK产量提高22.93%和31.84%。添加过量的黄腐酸钾改良剂和稻壳生物炭增加了樱桃番茄脐腐病的患病率,其中C3最显著,患病率增加1.72%,F3和C3的死苗率分别为7.69%和8.33%。黄腐酸钾组有效提高了樱桃番茄果实中Vc和可溶性糖含量。F2相较CK可溶性糖含量提高42.74%,F3相较CK其Vc含量提高8.21%。根据灰色关联度分析表明,黄腐酸钾的添加对樱桃番茄品质提升有较高贡献率,稻壳生物炭组对产量和病果率提升有较高贡献率,选取产量、Vc、可溶性糖和病果率4个变量进行综合评价,F3组效果最优。【结论】基质中添加黄腐酸钾有助于改善复配基质的氮磷钾有效性,提高樱桃番茄生长及果实品质;添加稻壳生物炭有助于改善基质pH和全氮储量,提高养分循环利用率。通过灰色关联度分析法综合评估可知,添加5%黄腐酸钾(F3)对樱桃番茄生长、产量和品质提升具有最优效果。
[Objective]The present study aimed to enhance the growth,yield and quality of cherry tomatoes under soilless cultivation in greenhouses while reducing pest and disease incidence.The goal was to develop a substrate formulation suitable for practical production and largescale promotion of cherry tomato solless cultivation.[Method]The experiment was conducted using the cherry tomato cultivar'Meicheng':A base substrate formula(CK)comprising vermicompost:(organic fertilizer):o(coconut coir):o(perlte)=3.5:2:2:2.5 was used.Additional treatments included 1%potassium humate(F1),2.5%potassium humate(F2),5%potassium humate(F3),5%rice husk biochar(C1),10%rice husk biochar(C2),and 20%rice husk biochar(C3).The effects of these treatments on the growth,yield and quality of cherry tomatoes were evaluated using a suspended cultivation system.[Result]Both potassium humate and rice husk biochar significantly promoted plant height,stem diameter and leaf area at different growth stages of cherry tomatoes.During the fruiting stage,stem diameter and leaf area in the F1 treatment increased by 2.67%and 18.84%,respectively,compared to CK.Yield increased significantly in the F3 and C3 treatments,by 22.93%and 31.84%,respectively,compared to CK.However,excessive additions of potassium humate and rice husk biochar increased the incidence of blossom-end rot,with C3 showing the highest increase of 1.72%.The seedling mortality rates in the F3 and C3 treatments were 7.69%and 8.33%,respectively.Potassium humate significantly enhanced the vitamin C and soluble sugar contents of cherry tomato fruits,with F2 increasing soluble sugar content by 42.74%and F3 increasing vitamin C content by 8.21%compared to CK.Grey relational analysis revealed that potassium humate had a higher contribution to quality improvement,while rice husk biochar contributed more to yield and disease reduction.A comprehensive evaluation of four variables(yield,vitamin C,soluble sugar and disease incidence)identified F3 as the optimal treatment.[Conclusion]The incorporation of potassium fulvic acid into the substrate effectively enhanced nutrient availability,particularly nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,thereby improving plant growth and fruit quality.The addition of rice husk biochar contributed to substrate pH stabilization and total nitrogen storage,enhancing nutrient cycling efficiency.A comprehensive assessment based on grey correlation analysis determinedthat the addition of 5%potassiumfulvic acid(F3)yielded the most favorable outcomes in terms of cherry tomato growth,yield,and fruit quality.These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing substrate formulations in soilless cherry tomato cultivation.
作者
魏世晋
李伟
李永慧
方梦萦
洪勇
李玉成
WEI Shi-jin;LI Wei;LI Yong-hui;FANG Meng-ying;HONG Yong;LI Yu-cheng(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;Hefei Intelligent Agricultural Collaborative Innovation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 231100,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期715-724,共10页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
肥东县农业面源污染治理试点工作第三方服务项目(K160139421)。
关键词
基质栽培
樱桃番茄
生长发育
产量
品质
灰色关联度分析
Substrate cultivation
Cherry tomato
Growth and development
Yield
Quality
Grey relational analysis
