摘要
抵押权延伸至租金规则构成不动产强制管理制度的实体法基础。在不动产市场疲软的情况下,唯有厘清相关民事纠纷,才能充分发挥不动产的融资担保作用。租金债权存在基本债权与支分债权的双重结构,租金支分债权随着租赁物之使用而依序产生。租赁合同当事人行使合同权利以及抵押人处分债权的,均会影响抵押权人对租金支分债权的收取。在内部关系上,租赁合同当事人变更合同以及提出抗辩与抵销的,得类推适用《民法典》债权让与和保理合同的相关规则,但合同解除权不应受到限制。承租人事先一次性支付租金的,并不消灭租金支分债权,但可以租金返还请求权抵销抵押权人的收取权。在外部关系上,抵押人对租金支分债权的让与和设质行为,在查封后构成无权处分,但受让人或质权人可以通过善意取得制度获得相应权利。权利人能否优先受偿并不取决于权利现实产生的时点,应视公示时间的先后而定。对抵押权人与债权受让人、质权人的清偿顺位应根据登记时点进行判断。通知债务人是债权让与的一种公示手段,当不存在债权让与登记时,应根据通知与抵押登记时间的先后确定清偿顺位。
The extension of mortgage to rent forms the substantive legal basis of compulsory management of real estate.In a weak real estate market,the best way to fully utilize the role of real estate as financing security is to clarify the relevant civil disputes.Rent claims have a dual structure of basic and branch claims,with the latter arising sequentially with the use of the rented property.The exercise of contractual rights by the parties to rent contract,as well as the disposition of the claim by the mortgagor,affects the collection of the mortgagee's claim for rent payment.In terms of internal relations,if the parties to a rent contract change the contract as well as raise defenses and set-offs,the rules of obligatory right cession and factoring contracts in the Civil Code may be applied by analogy,but the right to terminate the contract shall not be limited.If renter pays in one lump sum in advance,it does not extinguish the branch debt of rent.However,the renter may set off the mortgagor's right with the claim to return rent.In terms of external relations,the mortgagee's cession and pledge of branch claim of rent should be considered as unauthorized disposition after seizure,but the assignee or pledgee may acquire the corresponding rights through good faith institution.The priority of the right holder does not depend on the time when the right actually arises,but rather on the order of publicity.Liquidation order among mortgagee,assignee and pledgee should be judged on the basis of registration.Notification to the debtor is also a publicity method for cession of obligatory right.If there is no registration of cession,liquidation order shall be determined on the basis of the time of notice and mortgage.
出处
《法学》
北大核心
2025年第6期164-178,共15页
Law Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“个人数据交易的私法构造研究”(23AFX014)的阶段性成果。
关键词
抵押权
租金债权
支分债权
债权让与
债权质押
mortgages
rent claims
branch claim
obligatory right cession
pledge of obligation
