摘要
唐代华严思想在吐蕃的流传,因资料零散和证据缺失,学界对之关注较少。青藏高原东部地区发现一批吐蕃时期的佛教摩崖石刻,其中出现最多的题材为毗卢遮那造像,其作为主尊既以单体出现,也搭配以八大菩萨、二菩萨或十方佛等组合出现,有时还伴出有古藏文刻经。经研究,文章认为其中与八大菩萨和十方佛组合的毗卢遮那造像即是《华严经》塑造的最高崇拜对象毗卢遮那佛,也译为卢舍那佛,与之同时出现的古藏文刻经《普贤行愿王》和《毗卢遮那及众眷属赞》一起,反映了8世纪下半叶至9世纪上半叶华严思想在吐蕃的流传。类似造像题材和与刻经相似汉藏译本在敦煌的发现,展示了汉藏佛教文化深度交流的冰山一角。
Due to the scattered historical materials and lack of direct evidence,the academic circles have paid little attention to the dissemination of Huayan(Avatamsaka)thought in Tubo during the Tang Dynasty.A number of Buddhist cliff inscriptions from the Tubo period have been discovered in the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.The most frequent theme among them is the statue of Vairocana,which appears both as a single main deity and in combinations with the Eight Great Bodhisattvas,two Bodhisattvas,or the Buddhas of the Ten Directions.Some of these carvings are also accompanied by ancient Tibetan inscriptions of sutras.Through research,this paper posits that the Vairocana statues combined with the Eight Great Bodhisattvas and the Buddhas of the Ten Directions represent the supreme object of worship as depicted in the Huayan Sutra(Avatamsaka Sutra),also translated as the Lushena Buddha in Chinese.The ancient Tibetan inscriptions including the Samantabhadracaryapranidhanaraja and the Praise of Vairocana and His Retinue collectively reflects the spread of Huayan thought in Tubo from the latter half of the eighth century to the first half of the ninth century.Similar iconographic themes and comparable Chinese-Tibetan translations of these scriptures found in Dunhuang reveal a corner of the profound cultural exchanges between Han Chinese and Tibetan Buddhism.
出处
《中国藏学》
北大核心
2025年第2期15-24,211,212,共12页
China Tibetology
基金
教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“清代朝觐制度与中央治藏方略研究——以六世班禅朝觐文物考察为中心”(项目编号:22JJD780013)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
青藏高原东部
佛教摩崖石刻
华严思想
普贤行愿王经
毗卢遮那
Eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
Buddhist cliff inscriptions
Huayan(Avatamsaka)thought
Samantabhadracaryapranidhanaraja
Vairocana
