摘要
旨在研究牛至精油与益生菌联用对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和抗氧化功能的影响。选取1日龄黄羽肉鸡420羽,均分为7组,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽,其中对照组饲喂基础饲粮,6个试验组采取2×3双因素随机组合设计,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂添加50 mg/kg牛至精油基础饲粮中分别添加100、200、300 mg/kg益生菌,试验Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组在饲喂添加100 mg/kg牛至精油基础饲粮中分别添加100、200、300 mg/kg益生菌;饲养试验56 d,结束后于各重复中随机选取3羽黄羽肉鸡进行4 d的代谢试验。结果:试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组黄羽肉鸡试验期末重和平均日增重相比对照组显著提高(P<0.05);试验Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组平均日采食量相比对照组显著降低(P<0.05);牛至精油对平均日增重和平均日采食量有显著影响(P<0.05),益生菌对末重、平均日增重和料重比有显著影响(P<0.05),牛至精油和益生菌对平均日增重存在交互作用(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组黄羽肉鸡料重比相比对照组显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组干物质表观消化率相比对照组显著提高(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组粗蛋白、粗灰分和总能的表观消化率相比对照组显著提高(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组粗脂肪表观消化率相比对照组显著提高(P<0.05);牛至精油对干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分和总能的表观消化率有显著影响(P<0.05),益生菌对粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分和总能的表观消化率有显著影响(P<0.05),牛至精油和益生菌对干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分和总能的表观消化率存在交互作用(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组黄羽肉鸡血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),所有试验组黄羽肉鸡血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05);试验Ⅵ组黄羽肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平相比对照组显著提高(P<0.05);牛至精油对血清中GSH-Px、SOD、T-AOC和MDA水平有显著影响(P<0.05),益生菌对血清中GSH-Px含量有显著影响(P<0.05),且与牛至精油存在交互作用(P<0.05)。综上所述,黄羽肉鸡饲粮中联合添加牛至精油和益生菌能有效提高其生长性能,促进营养物质消化吸收能力,改善机体抗氧化功能;牛至精油和益生菌的推荐添加剂量分别为50 mg/kg和200 mg/kg。
The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of oregano essential oil in combination with probiotics on growth performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients and antioxidant function of yellow-feathered broilers.Four hundred and twenty 1-day-old chicks were col⁃lected and equally distributed into 7 groups,with 6 replicates in each group and 10 chickens in each replicate.The control group of yellowfeathered broilers was fed with a basic diet,while the six experimental groups were subjected to a 2×3 two-factor randomized design,the testⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲgroups were fed with basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg of oregano essential oil and 100,200 and 300 mg/kg of probiotic bacteria,respectively,and the testⅣ,Ⅴ,Ⅵgroups were fed with basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg of oregano essential oil and 100,200 and 300 mg/kg probiotics,respectively.The feeding test lasted for 56 days.At the end of the test,three yellow-feathered broilers were randomly selected from each replicate for a 4-day metabolic examination.The results showed that the final weight and average daily gain of the yellow-feathered broilers in GroupsⅡandⅢwere significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake in GroupsⅣ,ⅤandⅥwas considerably lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The feed to weight ratio of the yellowfeathered broilers in GroupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣwas considerably lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).It was understood that oregano essential oil had significant effects on average daily gain and average daily feed intake(P<0.05)of the broilers,probiotics had significant effects on their final weight,average daily gain and feed to weight ratio(P<0.05),and oregano essential oil and probiotics combined had in⁃teraction on their average daily gain(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of dry matter of the yellow-feathered broilers in GroupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣwas significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude protein,crude ash and total en⁃ergy of GroupsⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,ⅤandⅥwas significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude fat of GroupsⅡandⅢwas significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).These data indicated that oregano essential oil had significant effects on the apparent digestibility of dry matter,on crude protein,crude fat,crude ash and total energy(P<0.05)of the broil⁃ers.Probiotics had significant effects on their apparent digestibility of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash and total energy(P<0.05);and oregano essential oil and probiotics combined had interactive effects on their apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,crude fat,crude ash and total energy(P<0.05).The GSH-Px in the serum of the yellow-feathered broilers in GroupsⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,ⅤandⅥwas sig⁃nificantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the MDA in their serum was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The activity of SOD in the serum of the yellow-feathered broilers in all the experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The serum T-AOC of the yellow-feathered broilers in Group VI was significantly higher than that of the con⁃trol group(P<0.05).These results suggested that oregano essential oil had a significant effect on the levels of GSH-Px,SOD,T-AOC and MDA in the serum of the broilers(P<0.05),probiotics had a significant effect on the content of GSH-Px in their serum(P<0.05),and probiotics had an interaction with oregano essential oil(P<0.05).In conclusion,the combined addition of oregano essential oil and probiot⁃ics to the diets of yellow-feathered broilers effectively improved the growth performance,the digestion and absorption capacity of nutrients,and the antioxidant function of the organism in yellow-feathered broilers.The recommended dosages of oregano essential oil and probiotics were 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg,respectively.
作者
邓留坤
赵振国
DENG Liukun;ZHAO Zhenguo(Yangling Vocational and Technical College,Xianyang 712100,China;Yangling Haida Feed Co.,Ltd.,Xianyang 712100,China)
出处
《畜牧与兽医》
北大核心
2025年第8期7-12,共6页
Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
基金
陕西省科学技术厅2023年陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBNY-111)。
关键词
牛至精油
枯草芽胞杆菌
乳酸杆菌
黄羽肉鸡
生长性能
oregano essential oil
Bacillus subtilis
Lactobacillus
yellow-feathered broilers
growth performance
