摘要
在智能温室番茄无土栽培中,科学的营养液配方及其动态调整策略是取得高产优质的关键。本文分析了番茄不同生育阶段必需营养元素的合适配比;探讨了灌溉水和营养液的pH值、总碱度、硬度、总溶解盐和EC值等对营养元素的可用性和番茄生长发育及产量品质的影响;阐述了营养液中营养元素适宜吸收的浓度和在番茄植株不同部位的适宜含量;总结了国内外经典的番茄营养液标准配方及其适用范围以及在不同物候生长期的变化,探讨了有机营养液在番茄无土栽培中应用的可行性;介绍了国内外营养液检测的专业机构、仪器设备和在线原位检测方法,以及根据番茄不同生育期根区营养液目标值进行营养液配方动态调整方法和营养液配方调整在线决策支持系统。提出需根据番茄不同的品种类型、生育阶段、给水水质和气候条件动态调整营养液配方,以获取最佳的产量和品质。建议我国研究人员加快营养液在线原位检测设备和在线营养液动态调整决策支持系统的研发,缩小与国外先进国家的差距,提高营养液动态调整的智能化水平。本文可为智能温室番茄无土栽培的种植者和技术人员提供参考。
In the soilless cultivation of tomato in intelligent greenhouse,the appropriate nutrient solution formula and its dynamic adjustment strategy are the key to achieve high quality and high yield.In this paper,the appropriate ratios of N/K,K/Ca/Mg,P/Ca,NH_(4)^(+)/NO_(3)^(-)in different growth stages of tomato were elaborated.The effects of pH,water alkalinity,hardness,total dissolved salts and EC(electrical conductivity)value of feeding water and nutrient solution on the availability of nutrients,growth and development,yield and quality of tomato were discussed.The concentration of nutrients in the nutrient solution and the appropriate content in different parts of tomato plants were introduced.This paper also summarized the classic standard formulations of tomato nutrient solution at home and abroad,and its scope of application and changes in different phenological growth periods.The feasibility of the application of organic nutrient solution in soilless cultivation of tomato were discussed.In this paper,the professional institutions,instruments and equipment and online in-situ detection methods of nutrient solution testing at home and abroad were introduced,as well as the method of dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution formula and the online decision support system for nutrient solution formula adjustment according to the target value of nutrient solution in the root zone of tomato at different growth stages.It was proposed that the nutrient solution formula should be dynamically adjusted according to different tomato varieties,growth stages,feeding water quality and climatic conditions to obtain the best yield and quality.It is s uggested that Chinese researchers should speed up the research and development of on-line in-situ detection equipment and on-line decision-making support system for dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution,narrow the gap with f oreign advanced countries,and improve the intelligent level of dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution.This paper can provide a reference for growers and technicians of soilless tomato cult ivation in intelligent greenhouses.
作者
王柳
田婧
冯倩
裴庆余
尹义蕾
张凌风
王春辉
李邵
潘守江
鲁少尉
WANG Liu;TIAN Jing;FENG Qian;PEI Qingyu;YIN Yilei;ZHANG Lingfeng;WANG Chunhui;LI Shao;PAN Shoujiang;LU Shaowei(Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Key Laboratory of Farm Building in Structure and Intelligent Construction,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;National Digital Protected Agriculture(Protected Horticulture)R&D Sub-center,Langfang 065607,Hebei,China)
出处
《中国蔬菜》
北大核心
2025年第7期29-44,共16页
China Vegetables
基金
北京市智能温室蔬菜创新团队项目(BAIC12-2024)
农业农村部规划设计研究院自主研发项目(SH202402)。
关键词
番茄
无土栽培
营养液
配方
调整
温室
综述
tomato
soilless culture
nutrient solution
formula
adjustment
greenhouse
review
