摘要
2000年以来,世界大蒜产业和进出口贸易都出现了新变化,为了全面、客观地认识世界和中国大蒜产业发展现状及国际贸易概况,根据联合国粮农组织(FAO)、中国国家统计局(NBSC)和中国海关公布的数据,结合文献报道,分析了世界和中国大蒜的收获面积、产量、单产水平、进出口贸易等情况,结果表明:无论是收获面积还是产量,亚洲都是世界最重要的大蒜生产区域,尤其是中国、印度和孟加拉国排名世界前三位,其中中国的收获面积和产量长期保持世界第一,单产水平排名世界第四,为世界最高水平科威特的50%左右。大蒜是全球进出口贸易比较活跃的农产品之一,2022年进口数量约235万t,进口价值接近30亿美元,出口数量263万t,出口价值超过27亿美元。印度尼西亚是世界上最大的大蒜进口国,2022年进口数量56.62万t,占世界比例24.22%,进口价值5.98亿美元,占比20.10%。中国是世界上最大的大蒜出口国,2022年出口数量203.59万t,占比77.42%,出口价值17.96亿美元,占比64.79%。近10年(2013—2022年)来,中国大蒜出口数量的平均国际市场份额略有下降,为79.46%,出口价值的平均国际市场份额提升至68.78%,西班牙是出口数量和出口价值的平均国际市场份额都增加超过2%的国家。2023年中国内地地区大蒜出口的贸易伙伴超过140个,主要出口目的地为东南亚国家,对发达国家出口较少。山东、江苏和河南是中国大蒜出口的三大省份,出口数量和出口价值累计占比都超过92%。虽然中国大蒜的收获面积、产量、出口贸易在世界上都占据绝对优势地位,但也存在制约产业健康和可持续发展的若干主要问题,针对这些问题,提出中国大蒜产业发展的建议。
Since 2000,the global garlic industry and import-export trades have witnessed profound transformations.To comprehensively and objectively understand the current development status of the global and Chinese garlic industries as well as the general situation of their international trade,this study analyzed data on garlic harvested area,production,yield,and import-export trade in China and worldwide,based on statistics released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO),the National Bureau of Statistics of China(NBSC),and China Customs,combined with literature reports.The results show that Asia is the most critical garlic-producing region globally in terms of both harvested area and production,with China,India,and Bangladesh ranking among the top three in the world.China has long maintained the world’s largest harvested area and production,and its yield ranks fourth globally,approximately 50% of Kuwait’s yield-the highest level in the world.Garlic is one of the most actively traded agricultural products internationally.In 2022,the global import volume of garlic amounted to around 2.35 million tons,valued at nearly 3 billion US dollars,while the export volume reached 2.63 million tons,valued at over 2.7 billion US dollars.Indonesia is the world’s largest garlic importer,with an import volume of 566200 tons in 2022,accounting for 24.22% of the global total,and a value of 598 million US dollars,representing 20.10% of the total import value.China is the world’s largest garlic exporter.In 2022,China’s garlic export volume reached 2035900 tons,accounting for 77.42% of the global total,with an export value of 1796 million US dollars,constituting 64.79% of the global export value.Over the past decade,China’s average international market share in garlic export volume has slightly decreased to 79.46%,while its average international market share in export value has increased to 68.78%.Spain is a country where both the average international market shares in garlic export volume and value have increased by more than 2%.In 2023,Chinese mainland garlic exports reached over 140 trading partners,and Southeast Asian countries were the main destinations,while exports to developed countries remained relatively limited.Shandong,Jiangsu,and Henan are the top three provinces in China’s garlic exports,with their cumulative export volume and value accounting for over 92%.Despite China’s indisputable dominance in garlic harvested area,production,and export trade on the global stage,several major challenges constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.In response to these challenges,this paper proposes suggestions for the development of China’s garlic industry.
作者
钟云鹏
路风银
李成玉
乔琪
唐中杰
段峥峥
于跃波
王庭峰
谢德意
ZHONG Yunpeng;LU Fengyin;LI Chengyu;QIAO Qi;TANG Zhongjie;DUAN Zhengzheng;YU Yuebo;WANG Tingfeng;XIE Deyi(Economic Crop Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)
出处
《中国蔬菜》
北大核心
2025年第7期1-17,共17页
China Vegetables
基金
河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2024ZC018)
河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所自主创新项目(2023JZRZ01)
河南省农业科学院新兴学科发展专项(2024XK11)。
关键词
大蒜
收获面积
产量
单产
进出口贸易
garlic
harvested area
production
yield
import and export trades
