摘要
在实验室条件下设置1%~2%氧气浓度与0%、5%、10%、15%二氧化碳浓度处理烟草甲,筛选杀虫效果最优的混合气调杀虫参数,再以实际烟叶楼房库不同楼层的2个仓间作为试验对象,分别采用整仓氮气气调处理和整仓氮气+二氧化碳混合气调进行效果验证,对仓间气体均匀分布和浓度达标及维持情况、仓间温湿度变化、烟草甲的死亡情况、耗电量等指标进行综合应用效果评价。结果表明:在实验室24±1℃条件下,2%氧气+5%~15%二氧化碳维持20 d均可杀灭各种虫态的烟草甲。在烟叶楼房库条件下,单一氮气气调仓间的氧气浓度均匀分布,但混合气调仓间在干冰升华期间存在氧气和二氧化碳气体分层现象,下层的二氧化碳浓度比上层低3%左右,下层的氧气浓度比上层高1.5%左右,但经过循环充氮调节后可使浓度恢复均匀状态,且仓间二氧化碳浓度可升至15%以上。仓间温度24℃左右、湿度60%左右,<2%氧气+15%二氧化碳维持20 d可杀灭烟草甲,耗电量约为1 kW·h/担。烟叶楼房库整仓氮气+二氧化碳气体混合气调杀虫技术具有良好的杀虫效果,可缩短杀虫天数,有较好的经济效益。研究有效满足了卷烟企业在生产快速保供前提下的气调法的应用,同时也填补了行业在整仓杀虫、整仓混合气调的技术空白。
Under laboratory conditions,1%~2%oxygen concentration and 0%,5%,10%,15%carbon dioxide concentration were set to treat tobacco beetle,and the optimal parameter of mixed controlled atmosphere insecticidal technology was screened.Then,two storage room on different floors of the actual tobacco building warehouse were used as experimental application objects.The effects were verified by using whole storage room nitrogen filling treatment and whole storage room nitrogen+carbon dioxide mixed gas conditioning,and the comprehensive application effect evaluation was conducted on the uniform distribution and concentration compliance and maintenance of gas,temperature and humidity changes between chambers,death situation of tobacco beetle,power consumption and other indicators.Under laboratory conditions of 24±1℃,less than 2%oxygen and 5%~15%carbon dioxide for 20 days can kill various insect forms of tobacco beetle.Under the conditions of tobacco building warehouse,the gas concentration in the single nitrogen filled storage room was uniformly distributed,but there was gas stratification in the nitrogen+carbon dioxide mixed gas storage room during dry ice sublimation.The carbon dioxide concentration in the lower layer was about 3%lower than that in the upper layer,and the oxygen concentration in the lower layer was about 1.5%higher than that in the upper layer.However,after circulating nitrogen filling adjustment,the concentration could be restored to a uniform state.The concentration of carbon dioxide in the warehouse could rise to over 15%.Maintaining a temperature of around 24℃and humidity of around 60%in the warehouse for 20 days with 1.5%oxygen and 15%carbon dioxide can kill tobacco beetle,with a power consumption of approximately 1 kW·h/load.The nitrogen+carbon dioxide gas mixture controlled atmosphere insecticidal technology for tobacco building warehouses has good insecticidal effects,can shorten the traditional controlled atmosphere insecticidal days,and has good economic benefits.It effectively meets the application of controlled atmosphere technology in cigarette production under the premise of rapid supply and guarantee,and it also fills the technological gap in the industry for whole-warehouse pest control and whole-warehouse mixed controlled atmosphere technology.
作者
周璞
徐雪松
许仁杰
方海英
杨荣春
张玉淑
郭学卫
尹鹏
Zhou Pu;Xu Xuesong;Xu Renjie;Fang Haiying;Yang Chunrong;Zhang Yushu;Guo Xuewei;Yin Peng(Hongyunhonghe Group Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650202,Yunnan,China;Wuhan Dongchang Storage Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)
出处
《绿色科技》
2025年第10期267-273,共7页
Journal of Green Science and Technology
关键词
烟叶仓储
整仓混合气调
循环制氮
降氧保湿
二氧化碳留滞
tobacco storage
mixed controlled atmosphere of whole storage room
cycle nitrogen production
reduce oxygen and moisturize
carbon dioxide retention
