摘要
目的探究老年人主观幸福感的影响因素,提高幸福感预测的准确性。方法2019年8月至2020年10月在广东省和广西壮族自治区进行多阶段分层抽样调查。通过自制多维健康调查表,评估老年人的健康状况和主观幸福感,采用五级单条目问卷评定主观幸福感。采用R 4.3.2软件进行χ^(2)检验、单因素分析、分位数回归和随机森林模型。结果本研究共纳入2620名研究对象,其中70.9%表示感觉幸福。老年人抑郁症状得分为3.00(1.00,6.00)分,情绪状况得分为(28.26±4.14)分,生活行动能力得分为69.00(52.00,81.00)分,体质量指数(BMI)为(22.68±3.81)kg/m2。分位数回归结果显示:婚姻状况(已婚)(Q_(10):β=0.049;Q_(50):β=0.014;Q_(90):β=0.005)、抑郁症状(无抑郁、有抑郁倾向)(Q_(10):β=1.000;Q_(50):β=1.000;Q_(90):β=0.025)对老年人主观幸福感的3个分位点(Q_(10),Q_(50),Q_(90))均存在正向影响(均P<0.05);社交活动(无社交活动)(Q_(10):β=-0.072;Q_(50):β=-0.011;Q_(90):β=-0.006)、日常生活行动能力(重度失能、中度失能、轻度失能)(Q_(10):β=-0.103,Q_(50):β=-0.006,Q_(90):β=-0.048;Q_(10):β=-0.063,Q_(50):β=-0.012,Q_(90):β=-0.005;Q_(10):β=-0.078,Q_(50):β=-0.016,Q_(90):β=-0.009)、情绪状况(情绪较差、情绪一般)(Q_(10):β=-0.261,Q_(50):β=-0.009,Q_(90):β=-0.025;Q_(10):β=-0.140,Q_(50):β=-0.017,Q_(90):β=-0.029)对老年人主观幸福感的3个分位点均存在负向影响(均P<0.05)。随机森林结果显示,抑郁症状、日常生活行动能力、情绪状况、家庭人均月收入、BMI、社交活动、共病情况、婚姻状况是影响幸福感的最重要因素。结论抑郁症状与情绪状况对老年人主观幸福感具有显著影响。日常生活行动能力、家庭人均月收入、BMI和社交活动参与度也对幸福感产生重要影响,同时婚姻所提供的情感支持作用也不容忽视。
Objective To explore the influencing factors of the subjective well-being of elderly individuals and improve the accuracy of well-being predictions.Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was conducted in Guangdong province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region from August 2019 to October 2020.The health status and subjective well-being of older adults were assessed using a self-administered multidimensional health questionnaire,while overall well-being was evaluated with a single-item 5-point scale.The statistical analysis was performed using R software(version 4.3.2),with analytical methods including χ^(2) tests,univariate analysis,quantile regression and random forest model.Results A total of 2620 participants were recruited,and 70.9%of whom reported feeling happy.The depression symptom score of the elderly was 3.00(1.00,6.00),emotional status score was(28.26±4.14),activities of daily living(ADL)score was 69.00(52.00,81.00),and the body mass index(BMI)was(22.68±3.81)kg/m 2.The quantile regression results indicated that marital status(married)(Q_(10):β=0.049;Q_(50):β=0.014;Q_(90):β=0.005)and depressive symptoms(no depression,depressive tendency)(Q_(10):β=1.000;Q_(50):β=1.000;Q_(90):β=0.025)had varying effects on older adults'subjective well-being across three quantiles(Q_(10),Q_(50),Q_(90))(all P<0.05).In contrast,social activity(no social activity)(Q_(10):β=-0.072;Q_(50):β=-0.011;Q_(90):β=-0.006),ADL(severe disability,moderate disability,mild disability)(Q_(10):β=-0.103,Q_(50):β=-0.006,Q_(90):β=-0.048;Q_(10):β=-0.063,Q_(50):β=-0.012,Q_(90):β=-0.005;Q_(10):β=-0.078,Q_(50):β=-0.016,Q_(90):β=-0.009),and emotional status(poor emotion,fair emotion)(Q_(10):β=-0.261,Q_(50):β=-0.009,Q_(90):β=-0.025;Q_(10):β=-0.140,Q_(50):β=-0.017,Q_(90):β=-0.029)had a negative impact on elderly subjective well-being at the three quantile points(all P<0.05).Random forest results indicated that depressive symptoms,ADL,emotional status,household monthly income per capita,BMI,social activity,multimorbidity status,and marital status were the most important determinants of subjective well-being.Conclusion Depressive symptoms and emotional status have a significant impact on the subjective well-being of older adults.Additionally,ADL,household income per capita,BMI,and social engagement also play important roles in influencing well-being,while the emotional support provided by marriage should not be overlooked.
作者
师红强
刘钰曦
伊向仁
丁海峰
朱祥磊
万崇华
Shi Hongqiang;Liu Yuxi;Yi Xiangren;Ding Haifeng;Zhu Xianglei;Wan Chonghua(The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University,Dongguan 523808,China;School of Humanities and Management,Guangdong Medical University,Dongguan 523808,China;School of Physical Education,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China)
出处
《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》
北大核心
2025年第6期545-551,共7页
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science
基金
国家科技基础性工作专项(2015FY111600)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金联合基金项目(2021A1515110436)。
关键词
主观幸福感
影响因素
分位数回归
随机森林模型
老年人
Subjective well-being
Influencing factors
Quantile regression
Random forests
Elderly
