摘要
目的针对锂离子电池(以下简称“锂电池”)热失控特点和铁路集装箱运输风险,设计研制40英尺(1英尺=30.48厘米)锂电池铁路集装箱,验证锂电池集装箱性能,满足锂电池铁路运输需要。方法分析锂电池铁路运输工况下可能发生的风险,针对集装箱内锂电池热失控特点,研发了具备阻燃隔热、泄压排气和货物状态在途监测功能的40英尺锂电池铁路集装箱,开展阻燃耐火测试、泄压排气测试、集装箱装载锂电池铁路冲击测试和热失控条件下集装箱性能测试。结果研发的40英尺锂电池铁路集装箱具备阻燃隔热、泄压排气、货物状态在途监测等功能,取得了中国船级社集装箱相关证照,通过了阻燃耐火测试、泄压排气测试、集装箱装载锂电池铁路冲击测试和热失控条件下集装箱性能测试,验证了40英尺锂电池铁路集装箱主要功能和性能,在实际运输中应用良好,满足了铁路运输安全要求。结论本文所提出的40英尺锂电池铁路集装箱能够满足铁路运输要求,可实现锂电池多式联运,其性能测试方案可为制定锂电池铁路集装箱技术条件和测试规范提供技术支持。
To address the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and risks inherent in railway container transportation,the work aims to design and develop a 40-foot LIB railway container and verify the performance of the container to ensure compliance with LIB railway transportation safety requirements.Potential failure modes during LIB railway transportation were analyzed.Aiming at the thermal runaway behavior within containers,a 40-foot container integrating critical safety functions of flame retardancy/thermal insulation,pressure relief/exhaust ventilation,and real-time in-transit cargo condition monitoring was developed.Then,flame retardancy and fire resistance testing,pressure relief and exhaust performance testing,railway impact testing of containers loaded with LIBs,and structural integrity testing under LIB thermal runaway conditions were carried out.The newly developed 40-foot LIB railway container integrated critical safety functions,including flame retardancy and thermal insulation,pressure relief and exhaust ventilation,and real-time in-transit cargo condition monitoring,obtained the relevant container-type certification from the China Classification Society(CCS)and passed the following critical tests of flame retardancy and fire resistance,pressure relief and exhaust performance, rail impact of containers loaded with LIBs, and structural integrity under LIB thermal runaway conditions. These tests validated that the primary functions and performance of the container met railway transportation safety requirements, with successful field applications demonstrating practical efficacy. The 40-foot LIB railway container developed in this study meets all railway transportation safety requirements and facilitates multimodal transportation of LIBs. Its performance validation scheme provides critical technical substantiation for establishing performance criteria and standardized testing procedures for LIB railway containers.
作者
张辉
姚振坤
石磊
马玉坤
ZHANG Hui;YAO Zhenkun;SHI Lei;MA Yukun(Transportation&Economic Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;Freight Department,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《包装工程》
北大核心
2025年第13期24-30,共7页
Packaging Engineering
基金
中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研课题(2024YJ157)。
关键词
锂离子电池
铁路运输
铁路集装箱
设计方案
性能测试
lithium-ion batteries
railway transportation
railway container
design scheme
performance testing
