摘要
企业供应链的全球化拓展深刻重塑了国内供应链格局。本文基于中国上市公司供应链数据,从理论与经验视角探讨企业嵌入国际供应网络对其国内供应商地理分布的影响。研究表明,首次进入国际供应链的企业受替代效应和网络优化效应的驱动,倾向以高效国外供应商替代近距离低效国内供应商,并与远距离优质国内供应商合作,显著扩大供应商分布范围。在位企业通过增加国际供应网络参与广度,借助多元化替代效应、网络优化效应和竞争效应拓展供应商地理分布;同时通过提升参与深度,依靠网络优化效应和竞争效应增加远距离供应商引入。供应关系黏性、专用性、数字技术及基础设施等因素进一步影响企业国内供应商地理布局。本文揭示了中国企业在国际供应网络嵌入情况下的供应商空间布局动态演化,为企业优化资源配置、提升全球供应链竞争优势提供理论与经验支持。
Amid intensifying global supply chain competition and China's dual-circulation development strategy,this paper examines how Chinese firms'participation in international supply networks reshapes the spatial distribution of their domestic suppliers.By developing a heterogeneous firm-supplier model and analysing microdata from Chinese listed firms,this paper systematically reveals the mechanisms and dynamic trajectories underpinning domestic supply chain reconfigurations during firms'globalisationprocesses.The key findings demonstrate that participation in international supply chains drives the restructuring of domestic supplier networks through multiple channels.First,newly globalised firms experience a dual effect of"supplier substitution"and"network optimisation":they replace less efficient local suppliers-particularly those in close proximity-with more efficient international partners,while leveraging their globalisation experience to establish connections with distant,highquality domestic suppliers,resulting in significant geographic expansion.Second,for incumbent globalised firms,the degree of participation(measured by product-economy linkages)enhances supplier network restructuring through diversified substitution,network optimisation and competition effects--replacing inefficient domestic suppliers,forming ties with distant high-efficiency suppliers and expanding spatial coverage by utilising increased market power.Meanwhile,the depth of participation(measured by import scale)reduces transaction costs through network optimization and competition effects,enhancing the tendency for cross-regional cooperation.Integration into global supply chains also strengthens firms'influence and structural hole positions within domestic supply networks.Notably,exiting international supply chains reverses these effects,inducing a localised contraction of suppliers-robustly validating the baseline findings.Building on these results,heterogeneity analysis reveals that firm-supplier relationship stickiness,industry characteristics(input specificity and intermediate input dependence),digital technology adoption and infrastructure development moderate the impact of firms'global supply chain participation on their domestic suppliers'geographic distribution.Low relationship stickiness,high input specificity and intermediate input dependence amplify geographic expansion,though extremely high input dependence may lead to convergence as participation deepens.Digital technologies and improved information flow further extend firms'supplier search radius,enabling broadergeographic reach.This paper makes three key contributions:(1)linking global supply chain engagement with domestic geographic restructuring,(2)proposing a novel"degree-depth"analytical paradigm to disentangle heterogeneous adjustment mechanisms,and(3)pioneering analysis of supply chain retrenchment during deglobalisation.The policy implications highlight the importance of strengthening resilience through targeted digital infrastructure development,optimising transaction costs and cultivating balanced global-local supply networks.For firms,the findings underscore the need for adaptive globalisation strategies to navigate deglobalisation challenges while supporting China's dualcirculation development model.
作者
严兵
程敏
Yan Bing;Cheng Min
出处
《世界经济》
北大核心
2025年第7期71-104,共34页
The Journal of World Economy
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA057)的资助。
关键词
国际供应网络
替代效应
网络优化效应
供应商分布
international supply networks
substitution effect
network optimisation effect
supplier geographic distribution
