摘要
清代荒政被学者们高度称道。尽管最高统治者认识到,平粜、蠲免等举措对大地产者最有利,底层民众沾泽极少,并给官员们留下了莫大的自利空间。但有清一代,始终无法解决救荒过程中官僚的贪渎、枉法以及对政策的歪曲、加码等弊病,使许多看似善意的荒政最终沦为对平民赤裸裸的劫掠。不少大吏在实践中认识到,解决粮荒问题的常识是官不扰民,民食自裕。但在皇权之下,治标性的蠲赈是清廷宣示仁政的最好论据,并为底层民众营造了君主爱其如子的幻觉。因而,治标之政虽无根本性实效,但却一直被奉行。
The famine relief policies of Qing Dynasty have been highly praised by scholars.Although the highest rulers recognized that measures such as purchasing grain at fair prices and exempting tax grain debts were most beneficial to large landowners,with minimal benefits for the bottom-level people and leaving significant room for officials to embezzle funds.However,throughout the Qing Dynasty,it was never able to solve the ills such as bureaucratic embezzlement,lawlessness,and distortion of policies during the famine relief process,causing many seemingly well-intentioned famine relief policies to ultimately turn into robbery to the common people.Many high-ranking officials realized in practice that the common sense to solve the food crisis was that officials should not harass the people,and then the people’s food would naturally be sufficient.But under the imperial power,the symptomatic relief of exemption and relief was the best argument for the Qing court to proclaim its benevolent governance and created an illusion for the public that the monarch loved them like children.Therefore,although the symptomatic policies had no fundamental effect,they had always practiced.
作者
马俊亚
MA Junya(School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《安徽史学》
北大核心
2025年第4期35-47,共13页
Historical Research In Anhui
基金
国家社科基金重大招标项目“大运河与中国古代社会研究”(17ZDA184)的阶段性成果。
关键词
荒政
饥馑
蠲赈
平粜
市场
法治
famine relief policy
Famine
Exemption and relief
selling and buying grain at fair prices
market
rule of law
