摘要
木制品行业对切削加工的质量要求越来越高,而切削区域的温度过高会影响木材切削加工质量。采用低温CO_(2)作为相思木切削时的冷却手段,分别对相思木进行干车削和低温CO_(2)车削试验,对比分析了切削温度、切削力和加工质量。结果表明,在两种加工环境中,提高切削深度和进给速度会使切削温度、切削力和表面粗糙度均上升。提高切削速度会使切削温度上升,但切削力和表面粗糙度会降低。此外,与干切削相比,低温CO_(2)能有效降低切削区域的温度。同时,低温CO_(2)会使木材的硬度和脆性上升,加工时会产生更高的切削力,但切削时产生的毛刺减小,加工表面粗糙度较小。总的来说,在高进给速度和高切削深度条件下,低温CO_(2)的冷却效果明显,能通过改变木材纤维的破坏形式在生产实际中实现粗加工质量的提升;在高切削速度下,低温CO_(2)能增强排屑,减少切屑堆积,降低对刀具的冲击,在生产实际中提升高速精加工的稳定性和加工质量。本研究可为低温CO_(2)在木材切削领域的应用提供理论和实践指导。
Quality requirements for cutting processes in the wood industries are becoming increasingly stringent due to the growing demand for precision and superior machining results.Excessive cutting temperatures during machining can negatively impact surface integrity and overall quality of the machined wood.In this study,cryogenic CO_(2)was employed as a cooling method to improve the cutting performance of Acacia mearnsii.Experiments were conducted under two conditions,i.e.,dry turning and cryogenic CO_(2)turning.A comprehensive comparison was made to analyze the cutting temperature,cutting force,and machining quality under these different conditions.The experimental results revealed that,in both dry and cryogenic CO_(2)environments,an increase in cutting depth and feed rate led to a rise in cutting temperature,cutting force,and surface roughness.Conversely,increasing cutting speed caused the cutting temperature to rise but resulted in reductions in cutting force and surface roughness.These findings highlighted the complex interplay between machining parameters and their effects on processing outcomes.In addition,compared to dry cutting,the use of cryogenic CO_(2)demonstrated a significant ability to reduce the cutting zone temperature effectively.Furthermore,cryogenic CO_(2)increased the hardness and brittleness of the wood.While this resulted in higher cutting forces during machining,it also contributed to fewer burrs and a smoother surface finish.The cooling mechanism altered the wood fiber breakage behavior,making the process more efficient under specific conditions.On one hand,under high feed rate and deep cutting conditions,cryogenic CO_(2)exhibited substantial cooling efficiency,improving the quality of rough machining.On the other hand,cryogenic CO_(2)also showed particular advantages in high-speed machining scenarios,where enhanced chip evacuation and reduced chip accumulation minimized tool impacts.This contributed to greater process stability and higher machining quality,particularly during precision finishing operations.In general,this research highlights the dual benefits of cryogenic CO_(2)cooling in enhancing both the rough and fine machining stages of wood cutting.These findings establish a strong theoretical foundation and offer practical insights for enhancing the application of cryogenic CO_(2)in industrial wood cutting processes.They provide a pathway for improving both productivity and product quality in the wood industry.
作者
张天揽
钱利云
郝展鹏
张丰
郭晓磊
ZHANG Tianlan;QIAN Liyun;HAO Zhanpeng;ZHANG Feng;GUO Xiaolei(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)
出处
《林业工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期61-68,共8页
Journal of Forestry Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(32471791)。
关键词
相思木
低温CO_(2)车削
切削温度
切削力
表面质量
Acacia mearnsii
cryogenic CO_(2)turning
cutting temperature
cutting force
surface quality
