摘要
数据作为关键生产要素正在快速改变制造业生产模式,并对制造业就业技能结构产生重要影响。基于2013—2023年中国沪深A股制造业上市公司面板数据,考察数据要素渗透对制造业就业技能结构的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:数据要素在制造业中的融合渗透,推动就业技能结构呈高技能劳动偏向的单极化趋势,且该结论在经过内生性问题解决以及一系列稳健性测试后依然成立。作用机制检验表明,数据要素渗透影响制造业就业技能结构的主要渠道为驱动知识重组更新,而新型灵活就业模式增长的激励作用在全样本中并未显现。异质性分析显示,对于非超级明星企业、高技术活跃度行业企业,以及位于数据开放质量较高或数字基础设施建设水平较高地区的企业,数据要素渗透对制造业就业技能结构优化的促进作用更显著。基于规模层面的扩展性讨论发现,数据要素渗透能够从创业环境培育与就业总量扩张两个方面推动高质量充分就业目标的实现。研究结论为数字经济发展新阶段充分释放数据要素乘数效应、促进高质量充分就业提供了有益启示。
As a key factor of production,data element is rapidly changing the production mode of manufacturing industry and has an important impact on the employment skill structure of it.Based on panel data from China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2013 to 2023,this study examines the impact of data element penetration on the employment skill structure in the manufacturing sector and its underlying mechanisms.The results show that the penetration of data elements in manufacturing industry promotes the uni-polar trend of employment skill structure with high skill labor bias,and this conclusion is still valid after solving endogenous problems and a series of robustness tests.The mechanism test shows that the main channel of data element penetration affecting manufacturing employment skill structure is to drive knowledge reorganization and renewal,while the incentive effect of new flexible employment mode growth is not obvious in the whole sample.Heterogeneity analysis shows that for non-superstar enterprises,enterprises in high-tech active industries,and enterprises located in areas with high data opening quality or high digital infrastructure construction level,data element penetration has a more significant role in promoting the optimization of employment skill structure in manufacturing industry.Based on the scale-level discussion,it is found that the penetration of data element can promote the realization of high-quality and full employment from two aspects:the cultivation of entrepreneurial environment and the expansion of total employment.The research conclusions provide useful enlightenment for the new stage of digital economy development to fully release the multiplier effect of data element and promote high-quality and full employment.
作者
钞小静
王清
CHAO Xiaojing;WANG Qing(Northwest University,Xi’an 710127)
出处
《财贸研究》
北大核心
2025年第6期1-18,共18页
Finance and Trade Research
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“西部地区数字经济与实体经济的融合路径与对策”(22JJD790063)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“贸易网络演化视角下数字基础设施支撑出口韧性的机制及路径研究”(24YJC790209)。
关键词
数据要素
就业技能结构
挤出效应
吸入效应
data element
employment skill structure
crowding-out effect
crowding-in effect
