摘要
目前对于干冰清洗效果还依赖于工人的经验,无法获得较为准确的清洗参数。为了获得干冰清洗的最佳工艺参数,提升清洗效率并降低清洗成本,采用CFD数值模拟和试验相结合的方法,并以常见的附着力等级为2级和4级的油污为清洗对象,研究清洗距离、清洗角度、清洗速度和干冰颗粒质量流量等主要工艺参数对清洗效果的影响。通过CFD仿真,分析距离喷枪口不同位置与干冰颗粒浓度以及速度的影响关系,获得干冰清洗距离控制范围;通过静态清洗试验,并与仿真结果对比,验证CFD仿真方法的有效性和准确性;通过正交动态清洗试验,并采用图像二值化处理方法,分析清洗距离、清洗角度、清洗速度和干冰颗粒质量流量对清洗效果的影响关系。最后,通过变参数清洗试验,获得两种油污完全清洗的工艺参数。试验结果表明,对附着力等级2的油污,清洗距离对清洗效果影响最大,而对于附着力等级为4的油污,干冰质量流量对清洗效果影响最大,不同附着力的油污,工艺参数的影响大小不同,清洗参数之间相互制约影响,故在清洗时须选取适当清洗参数。不同附着力的油污,工艺参数的影响大小不同,确定主要清洗参数后,其余清洗参数将发生改变,所以在清洗时须要选择合适的清洗参数。采用仿真试验相结合的方法,针对不同性质的油污,得出精确的清洗参数,可以高效地去除工件表面油污且极大地降低成本。
Dry ice cleaning technology has been widely applied in various industries owing to its advantages of no residue,no damage,high efficiency,and low cost.For example,it is used for cleaning surface oil before the inspection of high-speed train bogies and for cleaning carbon in engines.However,achieving good dry ice cleaning effects largely depends on the experience of cleaning workers,which lacks theoretical guidance.Therefore,research on the mechanisms and laws of dry ice cleaning is of great significance for optimizing cleaning effects,improving cleaning efficiency,and promoting technological innovations in intelligent dry ice cleaning equipment.At present,the realization of dry ice cleaning effect still depends on the experience of workers,and this dependence makes it difficult to obtain more accurate and consistent cleaning parameters during actual operation.Because different workers use dry ice cleaning equipment,there may be significant differences in the cleaning effect owing to personal technical level,understanding of equipment performance,and environmental conditions.In addition,the lack of systematic theoretical guidance often makes the selection of appropriate key parameters,such as pressure,temperature,and injection angle,an empirical judgment.This not only affects cleaning efficiency but may also cause damage or residue to some parts due to excessive or insufficient cleaning.Therefore,to obtain the best process parameters for dry ice cleaning,improve cleaning efficiency,and reduce cleaning cost,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)numerical simulations and test methods were combined,and the influence of the main process parameters,such as cleaning distance,cleaning angle,cleaning speed,and dry ice particle mass flow rate,on the cleaning effect was studied by considering oil pollution with common adhesion grades 2 and 4 as the cleaning objects.Through CFD simulations,the influence of different nozzle positions on dry ice particle concentration and velocity was analyzed,and the control range of dry ice cleaning distance was obtained.The effectiveness of the CFD simulation method was verified using a static cleaning test and compared with the simulation results.The effects of cleaning distance,cleaning angle,cleaning speed,and mass flow rate of dry ice particles on the cleaning effect were analyzed using an orthogonal dynamic cleaning test and image binarization method.Finally,two process parameters for complete cleaning of oil were obtained through a variable-parameter cleaning test.The test results showed that for oil pollution with adhesion grade 2,the cleaning distance had the greatest influence on cleaning effect,whereas for oil pollution with adhesion grade 4,the dry ice mass flow rate had the greatest influence on cleaning effect.For oil pollution with different adhesion levels,the influences of process parameters are different,and the cleaning parameters restrict and influence each other.Therefore,appropriate cleaning parameters must be selected.The adhesion of the oil and the influence of the process parameters are different;after determining the main cleaning parameters,the remaining cleaning parameters will change,so it is necessary to choose the appropriate cleaning parameters during cleaning.In this study,a simulation test was used to obtain accurate cleaning parameters for different types of oil pollution,which can efficiently remove oil pollution on workpiece surfaces and significantly reduce cleaning cost.
作者
曾勇
郑潇天
赵雪雅
陈洪博
顾金彤
ZENG Yong;ZHENG Xiaotian;ZHAO Xueya;CHEN Hongbo;GU Jintong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Yancheng Institue of Technology,Yancheng 224051,China)
出处
《中国表面工程》
北大核心
2025年第2期381-397,共17页
China Surface Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(51405418)
江苏省高校自然科学基金面上项目(22KJD460009)
江苏省“青蓝工程”工程项目(2021)。
关键词
干冰清洗
数值模拟
二值法
工业油污
计算流体力学
dry ice cleaning
numerical simulation
binary method
industrial oil pollution
computational fluid mechanics
