摘要
目的分析我国2014—2023年甲乙类不同传播途径传染病的流行特征,为优化完善我国传染病防控策略提供科学依据。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”收集全国各省(自治区、直辖市)2014—2023年甲乙类法定传染病报告发病数据,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2014—2023年全国甲乙类法定传染病年均报告发病率为206.43/10万,甲类传染病总体处于零星散发状态,乙类传染病报告发病率总体呈缓慢下降趋势。呼吸道、肠道、血源及性传播、自然疫源及虫媒传染病报告发病以肺结核、痢疾、梅毒和布鲁菌病为主。每年1月、3—8月为报告发病高峰,2月为低谷期,除血源及性传播传染病各月发病平稳外,呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病和自然疫源及虫媒传染病均呈现一定季节性。甲乙类传染病男性报告发病率高于女性(IRR=1.61,95%CI:1.59~1.63),各类传染病中男性报告发病率均高于女性。呼吸道传染病中6~<20岁组和≥60岁组占比最高,肠道传染病中0~5岁组占比较高。西部地区呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病、自然疫源及虫媒传染病报告发病率均高于东部和中部。结论2014—2023年全国甲乙类法定传染病报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,但仍需根据不同传播途径的高发人群、季节特点和地区分布特征,优化防控措施、调整防控重点,寻求更有效的传染病预防控制手段。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Class A and B infectious diseases with different transmission routes in China from 2014 to 2023,and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing and im-proving infectious disease prevention and control strategies.Methods Data on reported cases of Class A and B statutory infectious diseases across all provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China from 2014 to 2023 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive epide-miological methods were used for analysis.Results From 2014 to 2023,the average annual reported incidence rate of Class A and Class B statutory infectious diseases in China was 206.43/100000.Class A infectious Respiratory,intestinal,bloodborne and sexually transmitted,zoonotic,and vector-borne diseases were primarily represented by tuberculosis,dysentery,syphilis,and brucellosis.The peak reporting months were January and March to August,with February as the low season.In addition to the bloodborne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases,respiratory infectious diseases,which exhibited stable monthly incidences,respiratory,intestinal,and zoonotic/vector-borne diseases displayed certain seasonal patterns.The incidence rate of Class A and B infectious diseases was higher in males than in females(IRR=1.61,95%CI:1.59-1.63),with males consistently showing higher rates across all disease categories.Among respiratory diseases,the highest incidence was observed in the 6-19 and≥60 age groups,while the 0-5 age group had a higher proportion for intestinal diseases.Western provinces reported higher incidence rates of respiratory,intestinal,and zoonotic/vector-borne diseases compared to eastern and central regions.Conclusions From 2014 to 2023,the overall incidence rate of class A and B statutory infectious diseases in China showed an overall downward trend.However,it is still necessary to optimize prevention and control measures based on high-risk populations,seasonal characteristics,and regional distribution to seek more effective strategies for infectious disease prevention and control.
作者
张云飞
张雪
郑学东
师悦
金柏君
姜剑锋
万宇南
牟笛
杨孝坤
秦天
阚飙
周脉耕
耿梦杰
ZHANG Yunfei;ZHANG Xue;ZHENG Xuedong;SHI Yue;JIN Baijun;JIANG Jianfeng;WAN Yunan;MU Di;YANG Xiaokun;QIN Tian;KAN Biao;ZHOU Maigeng;GENG Mengjie(National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;不详)
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
2025年第6期653-660,共8页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073675)
中国疾病预防控制中心青年科学基金项目(2023A102)
中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生应急反应机制的运行(102393220020010000017)。
关键词
甲乙类法定传染病
传播途径
流行特征
预防控制
Class A and B statutory infectious diseases
Transmission routes
Epidemiological characteristics
Prevention and control
