摘要
目的:探讨中国低龄老年人(60-69岁)行为生活方式对其主观幸福感的影响,为制定精准化健康适老政策提供实证依据。方法:基于2022年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,纳入2753名低龄老年人,采用t检验和多重线性逐步回归分析,研究锻炼频率、睡眠质量、饮食习惯等六类行为指标与主观幸福感(0-10分制)的关联性。结果:受访者主观幸福感均值为7.58±2.19分。回归模型显示:良好睡眠质量(β=0.321,P<0.001)、规律锻炼习惯(β=0.197,P=0.021)显著提升主观幸福感;过去一月吸烟行为(β=-0.249,P=0.018)则显著降低主观幸福感。控制变量分析表明:相较城镇居民,乡村居住者主观幸福感更低(β=-0.247,P=0.003);自评收入较高(β=0.943,P<0.001)与健康状况较好(β=0.680,P<0.001)者主观幸福感显著更高。结论:睡眠管理、运动促进和控烟干预是提升低龄老年人主观幸福感的核心靶点。建议将睡眠质量评估纳入社区健康服务体系,设计城乡差异化运动方案,分层推进健康干预策略;重点关注低收入及健康自评较差群体,提供包容性综合支持,推动老龄化实践从“生存保障”向“幸福赋能”转型。
OBJECTIVE:To explore the influence of behavioral lifestyle on subjective well-being of Chinese younger older adults(60-69 years old),and to provide empirical evidence for the development of precise health and elderly-friendly policies.METHODS:Based on data from the 2022 China Family Tracking Survey(CFPS),2753 younger older adults were included.t-test and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to investigate the association between six types of behavioral indicators,including frequency of exercise,quality of sleep,and dietary habits,and subjective well-being(on a scale of 0-10).RESULTS:The mean value of respondents'subjective well-being was 7.58±2.19 points.The regression model showed that good sleep quality(β=0.321,P<0.001)and regular exercise habits(β=0.197,P=0.021)significantly increased subjective well-being,while smoking behavior in the past January(β=-0.249,P=0.018)significantly decreased subjective well-being.Analysis of control variables showed that rural dwellers had lower subjective well-being(β=-0.247,P=0.003)compared to urban dwellers;subjective well-being was significantly higher among those with higher self-rated income(β=0.943,P<0.001)and better health(β=0.680,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Sleep management,exercise promotion,and tobacco control interventions are core targets for enhancing subjective well-being in younger older adults.It is recommended to incorporate sleep quality assessment into the community health service system,design urban-rural differentiated exercise programs,and promote health intervention strategies in a hierarchical manner;focus on low-income and poorer self-assessment groups,and provide inclusive and comprehensive support,so as to promote the transformation of the aging practice from“survival protection”to“happiness empowerment”.
作者
于文丽
王一诺
张清霜
葛蒲
宋雨笛
Wen-li Yu;Yi-no Wang;Qing-shuang Zhang;Pu Ge;Yu-di Song(Changchun Institute of Physical Education,Changchun,Jilin,China;Peking University,Beijing,China;Linyi People’s Hospital,Linyi,Shandong,China;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing,China;Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Shenzhen,Guangdong,China)
