摘要
以渤海区域曹妃甸、黄河口、觉华岛等3个典型海草床为案例区,通过实地调研、物种鉴定及数据收集,获取了海草生长状况、水体和沉积物环境质量及浮游生物、底栖生物、幼鱼种类和生物量等多项第一手资料,从水环境、沉积环境、生物环境等生境角度构建了近海海草床育幼功能综合评估指标体系,并对渤海近海各典型海草床进行了系统评估。结果显示曹妃甸与觉华岛海草生物量分别为371.22 g/m^(2)和340.05 g/m^(2),均显著高于黄河口海草生物量(161.24 g/m^(2),p<0.05);各海草床的浮游植物丰度和生物量平均值均为黄河口>曹妃甸>觉华岛,且空间差异显著(p<0.05);而各海草床幼鱼和稚鱼密度则是觉华岛最高,黄河口次之,曹妃甸最低,具有显著空间差异(p<0.05)。对海草床育幼功能综合评估的结果中,觉华岛海草床为良好,略优于曹妃甸海草床(良好状态),优于黄河口海草床(一般状态)。进一步分析典型海草床育幼功能现状的主要驱动因素,结果表明不同海草床中贡献较大的环境与生物指标呈现出空间差异。觉华岛海草床环境和生物状态良好,水体透明度高、溶解氧丰富、无机氮质量浓度适中,且幼鱼群落的各指标均表现较好,在育幼功能方面贡献显著。相比之下,黄河口海草床的水环境和生物状态相对较差,该区域水体透明度低、pH值和无机氮浓度过高,同时生物指标中浮游植物多样性特征表现差、幼鱼占比偏低,这些因素成为其育幼功能评估结果仅为一般的主要消极因素。曹妃甸海草床的环境状态良好,温度、无机氮和无机磷质量浓度等因素贡献较大。然而,其生物状态一般,浮游动物和幼鱼数量较低是该区域育幼功能评估的主要消极因素。本研究有助于深刻理解和认识渤海区域典型海草床的育幼功能时空差异和驱动因素,为促进我国海草床生态系统保护与海洋渔业资源可持续发展提供有效的科学依据和数据支撑。
In this study,we conducted comprehensive field surveys in the Bohai Sea’s seagrass beds at Caofeidian,Huanghe River mouth,and Juehua Island,gathering data on seagrass growth,water and sediment quality,plankton,benthic life,and juvenile fish.An integrated assessment index system for the nursery function of nearshore seagrass beds was constructed.The seagrass biomass at Caofeidian and Juehua Island was measured at 371.22 g/m^(2) and 340.05 g/m^(2),respectively,both of which were significantly higher than that recorded at the Huanghe River mouth(161.24 g/m^(2),p<0.05).The average abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in each seagrass bed followed the order:Huanghe River mouth>Caofeidian>Juehua Island,exhibiting significant spatial differences(p<0.05).Regarding juvenile fish density,Juehua Island exhibited the highest density,followed by the Huanghe River mouth,with Caofeidian showing the lowest density,also demonstrating significant spatial differences(p<0.05).The nursery function of seagrass beds was best in Juehua Island seagrass bed,followed by Caofeidian seagrass bed and Huanghe River mouth seagrass bed.Environmental and biological indicators with significant contributions varied spatially.The seagrass bed in Juehua Island has a good environmental and biological status,with high water transparency,abundant dissolved oxygen,and moderate inorganic nitrogen mass concentration,and the juvenile fish community indicators all performed well,contributing significantly to the nursery function.The seagrass bed in Huanghe River Delta has relatively poor water environment and biological status,with low water transparency,high pH value,and excessive inorganic nitrogen.The biological indicators showed poor plankton diversity characteristics and low proportion of juvenile fish,which became the main negative factors for its nursery function assessment result of only average.The environmental status in Caofeidian seagrass bed is good,with factors such as temperature,inorganic nitrogen,and inorganic phosphorus mass concentration contributing significantly.However,its biological status is average,and the low number of planktonic animals and juvenile fish is the main negative factor in the nursery function assessment of this area.This study helps to deeply understand and recognize the spatial and temporal differences and driving factors of the nursery function of typical seagrass beds in the Bohai Sea area,and provides effective scientific basis and data support for the protection of seagrass bed ecosystems and the sustainable development of marine fishery resources in China.
作者
赵家悦
杨薇
白军红
Zhao Jiayue;Yang Wei;Bai Junhong(State Key Laboratory of Wetland Conservation and Restoration,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《海洋学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期64-77,共14页
基金
国家自然科学基金委联合基金重点项目(U2344229)。
关键词
海草床
育幼功能
评估指标体系
空间差异
渤海近海水域
seagrass beds
nursery function
evaluation system
spatial differences
nearshore Bohai Sea
