摘要
为有效应对新业态新形势下矿山爆破面临的安全风险,本文统计了2020—2024年期间的12起爆破事故,分析了事故原因和作业类型与伤亡的关系,进一步研究了矿山爆破安全风险因素,提出了应对风险的五种模式。研究结果表明:爆破警戒与飞石、违规销毁、盲炮、装药不善、边坡失稳及其他因素是诱发矿山爆破事故的6类关键因素。其中,爆破警戒与飞石因素、违规销毁因素造成的事故平均死亡人数分别为1~2人、6人,是矿山爆破企业需要重点控制的两类事故诱发因素。矿山爆破的安全风险主要分布在人员管理、警戒、盲炮、爆破器材、地质因素等五个方面,可以构建作业人员风险防控能力强化、爆破作业视频监控、人员定位系统+测距技术实现高质量警戒、爆破作业标准化和本质安全化水平建设、风险因素与重点应对等模式以应对矿山爆破面临的五类主要风险。
In order to effectively deal with the safety risks faced by mine blasting under the new business format and new situation,12 engineering blasting accidents during the period from 2020 to 2024 are counted,the relationship between the accidents cause and operation types and the casualties is analyzed,the safety risk factors of the mine blasting are further studied,and five models of risk response are proposed.The results show that blasting alert and flying stone,illegal destruction,misfire,improper powder charge,slope instability and other factors are the six key factors that induce mine blasting accidents.The average number of fatalities caused by blasting alert and flying stone factors and illegal destruction factors are 1-2 and 6,respectively,which are the two types of accident inducing factors that mine blasting enterprises need to focus on controlling.The safety risks of mine blasting are mainly distributed in five aspects:personnel management,alert,misfire,explosive materials,and geological factors.Blasting enterprises can build models such as strengthening the risk prevention and control ability of operators,video surveillance for blasting operations,personnel positioning system+ranging technique to achieve high-quality alert,construction of standardization and intrinsic safety level for blasting operations,risk factors and key responses to deal with the five main risks faced by mine blasting.
作者
李雷雷
王洪强
李进军
方书昊
侯朋飞
衣方
张书鹏
LI Leilei;WANG Hongqiang;LI Jinjun;FANG Shuhao;HOU Pengfei;YI Fang;ZHANG Shupeng(North Blasting Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100097,China;School of Petrochemical Engineering and Environment,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Huadian Heavy Industries Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100070,China)
出处
《中国矿业》
北大核心
2025年第S1期460-464,共5页
China Mining Magazine
基金
特能集团2024年民品科技创新一般项目资助(编号:2024-12)。
关键词
矿山
工程爆破
安全风险
本质安全
违章作业
mine
engineering blasting
safety risk
intrinsic safety
illegal operation
