摘要
针对萃取法钨冶炼含氟废水(F-15~50 mg·L^(-1),pH≈2.5,SO_(4)^(2-)浓度高30~130 g·L^(-1))的治理需求,本研究通过实验优化与生产验证,提出了一种基于聚合氯化铝的中性除氟工艺。研究结果表明:在pH≈7、Al/F摩尔比3∶1条件下,反应时间10 min以上时,可取得较好的除氟效果,反应8~10 h后,废水F^(-)浓度可降至10 mg·L^(-1)以下,最高去除率可达90.49%,优于模拟废水效果(主要得益于工业级过滤与充分反应时间)。成本分析显示,吨仲钨酸铵(APT)产品的除氟成本仅25.5元(铝盐消耗15.75 kg,危废污泥10 kg),占冶炼总成本的0.25%,显著低于传统钙盐—铝盐两段工艺。该工艺通过直接利用Al(OH)_(3)与F^(-)的氢键吸附作用,避免了复杂的pH值调节,且污泥产率低(含水率25%),可无缝衔接现有废水处理系统。研究为高硫酸盐、低氟浓度钨冶炼废水的低成本达标处理提供了可靠解决方案,尤其适用于萃取法工艺的污染控制需求。
To address the treatment needs of fluoride-containing wastewater(F^(-)15–50 mg·L^(-1),pH≈2.5,high SO_(4)^(2-)concentration 30–130 g·L^(-1))from solvent extraction tungsten smelting,this study proposes a neutral polyaluminum chloride(PAC)defluorination process through experimental optimization and industrial validation.The results show that under conditions of pH≈7 and an Al/F molar ratio of 3∶1,effective defluorination is achieved within 10 min,while extending the reaction time to 8–10 h reduces F^(-)concentration below 10 mg·L^(-1),with a maximum removal efficiency of 90.49%.The industrial-scale performance surpasses simulated wastewater results,attributed to enhanced filtration and prolonged reaction time.Cost analysis reveals that the defluorination cost per ton of ammonium paratungstate(APT)is only 25.5 yuan(15.75 kg PAC consumption,10 kg hazardous sludge production),accounting for 0.25%of total smelting costs-significantly lower than traditional calcium-aluminum two-stage processes.This method directly utilizes hydrogen bond adsorption between Al(OH)3 and F^(-),eliminating complex pH adjustments while maintaining low sludge yield(25%moisture content),enabling seamless integration into existing wastewater treatment systems.The study provides a cost-effective and reliable solution for low-fluoride,high-sulfate tungsten smelting wastewater,particularly suitable for pollution control in solvent extraction processes.
作者
徐双
廖为鸿
段锋
伍云鹏
张威
余春荣
XU Shuang;LIAO Weihong;DUAN Feng;WU Yunpeng;ZHANG Wei;YU Chunrong(Jiangwu H.C.Strack Tungsten Products Co.Ltd.,Ganzhou 341000,China;Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《矿冶》
2025年第3期483-487,共5页
Mining And Metallurgy
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2102205)。
关键词
萃取法
钨冶炼
污染源识别
氟
聚合氯化铝
冶炼废水
solvent extraction
tungsten smelting
pollution source identification
fluoride
polyaluminum chloride
smelting wastewater
