摘要
为探究不同覆膜宽度对棉田土壤水热分布、棉花生长发育、棉花产量及纤维品质的影响。以北疆地区产量中等水平的棉田为研究对象,于2022—2023年开展4.40 m超宽膜在常规管理模式下的田间生产试验,以2.05 m常规宽膜为对照(CK),测定不同处理下0~60 cm土层含水量和土壤温度,并调查棉花农艺性状、种子活力、产量构成因素和纤维品质的变化。结果表明:超宽膜在10~40 cm土层处土温较宽膜有较大提高,棉花出苗30、60、90、120 d时,40 cm土层处质量含水率增长分别达到1.24%、2.45%,1.69%,1.53%;超宽膜棉花出苗率和成铃率分别提高5.10%和4.16%;中部铃、上部铃占比分别提高了2.18%和3.52%;2年间增产幅度分别达到13.03%和5.59%,每667 m^(2)实际增效分别达到379.55元和125.00元;此外,超宽膜处理下棉花发芽率、发芽指数、种子活力分别较常规宽膜提高49.81%、54.48%和53.92%,差异均达到显著水平(P≤0.05)。综上,4.40 m超宽膜在改善土壤水热条件、作物生长发育、提高棉花产量和品质方面存在重要应用价值。本研究可为今后大面积推广超宽膜栽培技术提供依据。
To investigate the effects of different film widths on soil moisture and temperature distribution,cotton growth and development,cotton yield,and fiber quality,a field production experiment was conducted in 2022–2023 using 4.40 m ultra-wide film under conventional management practices in cotton fields with medium yield levels in northern Xinjiang.The 2.05 m conventional wide film was used as the control(CK).Soil moisture content and temperature in the 0–60 cm soil layer were measured under different treatments,and changes in cotton agronomic traits,seed vigor,yield components,and fiber quality were investigated.The results showed that the soil temperature in the 10–40 cm layer under the ultra-wide film was significantly higher than that under the conventional wide film.At 30,60,90,and 120 days after cotton emergence,the mass moisture content in the 40 cm soil layer increased by 1.24%,2.45%,1.69%,and 1.53%,respectively.The emergence rate and boll setting rate of cotton under the ultra-wide film increased by 5.10%and 4.16%,respectively.The proportions of middle and upper bolls increased by 2.18%and 3.52%,respectively.Over the two years,the yield increase reached 13.03%and 5.59%,with actual economic benefits per 667 m^(2)reaching 379.55 yuan and 125.00 yuan,respectively.Additionally,under the ultra-wide film treatment,the germination rate,germination index,and seed vigor of cotton increased by 49.81%,54.48%,and 53.92%,respectively,compared to the conventional wide film,with the differences being statistically significant(P≤0.05).In conclusion,the 4.40 m ultra-wide film has significant application value in improving soil moisture and temperature conditions,promoting crop growth and development,and enhancing cotton yield and quality.This study provides a basis for the future large-scale promotion of ultra-wide film cultivation technology.
作者
郭文文
杜逍
吴莹
许闻诺
高永健
张俊岭
宋鹤岭
陈全家
郑凯
GUO Wenwen;DU Xiao;WU Ying;XU Wennuo;GAO Yongjian;ZHANG Junling;SONG Heling;CHEN Quanjia;ZHENG Kai(College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Standardization Institute,Urumqi 830052,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Centre,Shawan 511483,China;Xinjiang Qianduo Planting Farmers'Professional Cooperative Union,Shawan 511483,China)
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期60-74,共15页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2023A02003-4)
2023年自治区首批产学协同育人项目(507390758)
“天山英才”培养计划(2023TSYCLJ0012)。
关键词
棉花
超宽膜
棉田水热分布
生长发育
纤维品质
cotton
ultra-wide film
soil moisture and temperature distribution in cotton fields
growth and development
fiber quality
