摘要
全氟化合物(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFAS)具有优异的表面活性属性及强稳定性,作为添加剂被广泛应用于驱油剂及灭火泡沫等中,随勘探开采进入环境,引发生态健康风险.综述PFAS在石油勘探、油田开采及石油集输等过程中的应用与赋存,总结分析国内外石化行业全氟化合物管控的相关法律法规,归纳PFAS风险评估方法研究进展,指出针对石化行业的PFAS生态健康风险研究还非常不足.近年研究发现我国大庆油田地表水样品中全氟壬烯氧基苯磺酸钠浓度最高达3200 ng/L,欧美国家多个炼厂环境样品中也检测出了较高浓度的PFAS.物理吸附是目前最经济实用的处置方法,但石化污水的复杂有机成分可能会降低其吸附效率;化学处理具有高效降解的优势,目前仍处在实验室研究阶段;生物处理成本低、操作简单,但目前仍缺乏高效降解菌种.最后结合行业特点,提出未来石化行业PFAS研究应关注的重点:一是开发低成本、高灵敏度的检测分析方法;二是推动石化行业PFAS的生态健康风险评估,进行分级管控;三是结合实验与模拟计算,筛选设计低毒性的绿色替代品;四是针对石油烃等共存的污染物,开发低成本的协同处置技术;五是积极参与政策与标准制定,确保在能源保障、行业发展和环境保护之间取得平衡.(表2参87)
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)have superior surfactant properties and stability and are broadly utilized as additives in petrochemical agents,including oil recovery agents and firefighting foams.This inevitably leads to their release into the environment during exploration and extraction processes;this,in turn,poses notable ecological and health risks.This review provides an overview of the applications of PFASs in petroleum exploration,oil recovery,and oil transportation in petrochemical industries.The occurrence of PFASs in environmental samples from oil extraction and refining areas was reviewed,highlighting the risks associated with PFAS emissions from these industries.The highest concentration of sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate detected in surface water in the Daqing oilfield is 3200 ng/L.Further,high PFAS concentrations were detected in several refineries in European countries and America.Considering the increasingly stringent regulatory trends for emerging pollutants,this review summarizes and analyzes the recent domestic and international regulations and laws concerning the management of PFASs in the petrochemical industry.Following the“screening,evaluation,and control”strategy for managing emerging pollutants,this review summarizes the current progress in PFAS risk assessment methods and highlights the inefficiency in PFAS risk assessment methods in petrochemical industries.Research progress on physical,chemical,and biological treatment technologies for PFASs and challenges associated with the use of these technologies in petrochemical industries are also discussed.Through literature review,it was found that currently,physical adsorption is the most economical and practical disposal method,but the complex organic components of petrochemical wastewater may result in reduced adsorption efficiency.Chemical treatment,which has the advantage of efficient degradation,is still in the laboratory research stage.Biological treatment is known for its low cost and easy operation;however,the lack of PFAS-degrading microorganisms hinders its application.Combined with the characteristics of the petrochemical industry,the focus of future PFAS-related research is put forth:first,develop low-cost and high-sensitivity PFAS-detection and-analysis methods;second,promote the ecological and health risk assessment of PFASs in the petrochemical industry and perform hierarchical management;third,screen and design green alternatives with low toxicity by combining experiments and simulation calculations;fourth,develop low-cost co-processing technologies for co-existing pollutants,such as petroleum hydrocarbons;fifth,actively participate in the formulation of policies and standards to ensure a balance between energy security,industry development,and environmental protection.
作者
车舜
刘佳璇
王佳希
隋立华
刘静如
张树才
隋倩
CHE Shun;LIU Jiaxuan;WANG Jiaxi;SUI Lihua;LIU Jingru;ZHNAG Shucai;SUI Qian(State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety,Sinopec Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266104,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process,School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期768-779,共12页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(22406210)
中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部项目(H24010)资助。
关键词
全氟化合物
归趋赋存
处置技术:风险管控
绿色替代
per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances
occurrence and fate
treatment technology
risk management
green alternative
