摘要
石河子地区西梅在越冬及春季萌芽开花期常受低温冷害影响,研究该区域冬季气温与终霜冻变化对西梅产业发展意义重大。利用1961—2024年气温及物候期资料,结合低温冷害试验,分析西梅枝条半致死温度及霜冻灾害风险。结果表明,西梅新生枝条半致死温度为-24.1℃,1961—2024年春季严寒期冻害风险平均达82.2%;但2000年后因气候变暖,春季严寒期冻害风险平均降至60.0%,低温冷害风险平均下降22.2百分点。春季终霜期虽分布分散,但有提前趋势,1961—2024年4月下旬及以后终霜对西梅萌芽开花威胁显著,平均风险为53.2%,2000年后下降28.2百分点。石河子地区1961—2024年平均终霜灾害风险强度为34.8%,其中中等和严霜灾害风险分别占23.4%和28.1%,2000年后风险强度线性降低8.6百分点。冬季气温上升和霜冻结束提前有利于西梅生长,但极端气候不稳定,防冻防霜仍是生产关键。
Prunes in Shihezi area are often affected by low-temperature chilling damage during the overwintering period and spring budding and flowering period.Therefore,studying the changes of winter temperature and last frost in this area is of great significance to the development of prune industry.In this study,using the temperature data from November 1961 to May 2024 and phenological period data,combined with low-temperature chilling damage tests,the semi-lethal temperature of prune branches and the risk of frost damage were analyzed.The results showed that the semi-lethal temperature of new prune branches was-24.1℃.From 1961 to 2024,the freezing damage risk during the severe cold period in spring was as high as 82.2%,and it decreased to 60.0%after 2000 due to climate warming,with an average decrease of 22.2 percentage points in low-temperature chilling damage.Although the last frost period in spring was relatively scattered,it showed a trend of ending earlier.The last frost in late April and later from 1961 to 2024 posed a significant threat to the budding and flowering of prunes,with an average risk of 53.2%,which decreased by 28.2 percentage points after 2000.The average disaster risk intensity of the last frost in Shihezi area from 1961 to 2024 was 34.8%,among which moderate and severe frost disaster risks accounted for 23.4%and 28.1%respectively.After 2000,the risk intensity of the last frost decreased linearly by 8.6 percentage points.The rise of winter temperature and the advance of frost end time were beneficial to the growth of prunes,but due to the instability of extreme climate,anti-freezing and frost prevention measures were still the key in prune production.
作者
高宇
朱俊奇
张晓晗
李杏
许浩翊
安冬亮
张鑫
GAO Yu;ZHU Junqi;ZHANG Xiaohan;LI Xing;XU Haoyu;AN Dongliang;ZHANG Xin(Shihezi Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang,Shihezi 830000,China;Wulanwusu Special Test Field base of National Integrated Meteorological Observation/Wulanwusu Ecology and Agrometeorology Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang/Wulanwusu Agrometeorological Experiment Station,Shawan 832199,China;Korla Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang,Korla 841000,China)
出处
《山西农业科学》
2025年第4期121-128,共8页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆人才发展基金科研创新平台人才团队支持计划(SHZYD202406)。
关键词
西梅
越冬期
开花期
低温冷害
终霜冻
致灾风险强度
prune
overwintering period
flowering period
low temperature chilling damage
the last frost
disaster risk in-tensity
