摘要
近年来,全球气候变化和人类活动等因素加剧了草地生态系统退化,导致土壤有机碳大量损失。生物炭被认为是提升土壤有机碳固存和减缓气候变化的潜在材料。本文通过系统综述近10年国内外研究,整合文献分析、Meta分析及典型田间试验,从多维度探讨了生物炭对草地土壤有机碳固存的影响机制。具体研究内容包括:1)生物炭对土壤理化性质(如容重、pH、孔隙度、团聚体结构等)的调控作用;2)生物炭对草地植被(植物生产力、凋落物分解、根系分泌物)及土壤生物(微生物群落结构、酶活性、土壤动物多样性)的生物学效应;3)生物炭通过改变碳输入(植物源碳)和输出(微生物分解)的动态平衡对土壤有机碳库组分(颗粒态有机碳、矿物结合态有机碳)、激发效应及土壤呼吸的影响。研究表明,生物炭通过改善草地土壤结构、增强养分循环、塑造根际微生境、促进草地植物生长发育、调控微生物代谢和土壤动物活动,最终提升草地土壤有机碳稳定性和累积量。然而,其效果受生物炭原料、热解温度、施用量及土壤类型的影响,且长期效应仍需进一步验证。本综述明确了生物炭在草地土壤有机碳管理中的关键作用,为优化生物炭制备工艺、制定科学施用方案提供了理论依据,对退化草地生态恢复及全球碳减排目标的实现具有重要意义。未来需结合多尺度野外长期观测、分子生物学技术及模型模拟,深入解析生物炭-土壤-生物的动态机制,以推动其在草地生态系统中的应用。
Global climate change and human activities have exacerbated the degradation of grassland ecosystems,which has involved substantial losses of soil organic carbon(SOC).Biochar is a material that may be used to enhance SOC sequestration and mitigate the effects of climate change.This review systematically synthesizes the research from 2014 to 2024,integrating a literature analysis,meta-analysis,and representative field experiments to explore the mechanisms through which biochar application influences SOC sequestration in grasslands from multiple dimensions.Specifically,this study covers the following aspects:1)the effects of biochar on regulating the physicochemical properties of the soil,such as bulk density,pH,porosity,and aggregate structure;2)the biological effects of biochar application on grassland vegetation(plant productivity,litter decomposition,and root exudation)and soil biota(microbial community structure,enzyme activity,and soil fauna diversity);3)the influence of biochar on the SOC pool(particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon),priming effects,and soil respiration through altering the dynamic balance between carbon inputs(plant-derived carbon)and outputs(microbial decomposition).The findings indicate that biochar application improves the soil structure,enhances nutrient cycling,shapes the rhizosphere microenvironment,promotes plant growth,regulates microbial metabolism,and influences soil fauna activity in grassland environments,ultimately contributing to SOC stabilization and accumulation.However,the effects of biochar use vary depending on the biochar feedstock,pyrolysis temperature,application rate,and soil type;and the long-term effects require further validation.This review clarifies the critical role of biochar in grassland SOC management and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing biochar production processes and scientifically developing application strategies.Such insights are essential for restoring degraded grasslands and achieving global carbon reduction goals.Future studies should integrate long-term multiscale field observations,molecular biology techniques,and modeling approaches to identify the dynamic interactions within the biochar-soil-biota system,thereby expanding the application of biochar in grassland ecosystems.
作者
管迟明
马永贵
王强
王文颖
罗巧玉
GUAN Chiming;MA Yonggui;WANG Qiang;WANG Wenying;LUO Qiaoyu(Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau/College of Life Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China;State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;Qinghai,South of the Qilian Mountain Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Huzhu 810500,Qinghai,China)
出处
《草业科学》
北大核心
2025年第5期1140-1151,共12页
Pratacultural Science
基金
兰州市城关区科技计划项目(2022JSCX0003)
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK03020)
青海省重大科技专项(2021-SF-A7-1)。
关键词
生物炭
草地生态系统
土壤理化性质
根际微生境
有机碳固存
biochar
grassland ecosystem
physicochemical soil properties
rhizosphere microenvironment
organic carbon sequestration
