摘要
目的分析南昌地区毒蛇咬伤流行病学特征,为区域公共卫生策略优化和临床救治能力提升提供科学依据。方法收集2022~2023年在江西中医药大学附属医院就诊的毒蛇咬伤患者1122例的资料信息,统计分析患者的一般情况、咬伤部位、毒蛇咬伤月份、地区分布、致伤蛇种、就诊时间、严重程度、治疗和预后等情况。结果在1122例患者中,男性735例(65.51%),41~80岁972例(86.63%),体力劳动者最多[59.27%(665/1122)],受伤部位多数位于四肢[99.47%(1116/1122)],蛇伤高发月份为5~9月[81.82%(918/1122)],蛇伤高发地为南昌市南昌县[36.19%(406/1122)],致伤蛇种以蝮蛇为主[84.31%(946/1122)]。1063例(94.74%)咬伤24 h内到医院接受治疗,631例(54.24%)未进行院前处理。毒蛇咬伤轻度877例(78.16%),中度224例(19.96%),重度21例(1.87%),转入ICU 18例(1.60%)。1080例(96.26%)使用抗蛇毒血清,110例(9.80%)发生血清病,手术干预治疗72例(6.42%),肾脏替代治疗13例(1.16%)。治愈869例(77.45%),好转253例(22.55%),无死亡患者。年龄、就诊时间、院前处理是影响病情严重程度的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论通过分析南昌地区毒蛇咬伤流行病学特征,为优化区域蛇伤防控体系提供关键数据支撑;建议加强高危人群的防护教育,完善院前急救培训及血清储备机制。
Objective This study aims to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of venomous snake bites in the Nanchang region to provide a scientific basis for optimizing regional public health strategies and enhancing clinical treatment capabilities.Methods The data and information of 1122 patients with venomous snake bites who visited the affiliated hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine from 2022 to 2023 were collected.The general condition,location of the bite,month of the snakebite,regional distribution,species of the snake causing the injury,time of visit,severity,treatment and prognosis of the patients were statistically analyzed.Results Among the 1122 patients,735 cases(65.51%)were male,972 cases(86.63%)were aged 41 to 80,the majority were manual laborers[59.27%(665/1122)],and the majority of the injured parts were located in the limbs[99.47%(1116/1122)].The high-incidence months of snakebite are from May to September[81.82%(918/1122)],the high-incidence area of snakebite is Nanchang County of Nanchang City[36.19%(406/1122)],and the main snake species causing injury is the Agkistrodon halys[84.31%(946/1122)].1063 cases(94.74%)of bite injuries received hospital treatment within 24 hours,and 631 cases(54.24%)did not received pre-hospital treatment.There were 877 cases(78.16%)of mild venomous snake bites,224 cases(19.96%)of moderate bites,21 cases(1.87%)of severe bites,and 18 cases(1.60%)were transferred to the ICU.1080 cases(96.26%)were treated with antivenom serum,110 cases(9.80%)developed seropathy,72 cases(6.42%)received surgical intervention treatment,and 13 cases(1.16%)received renal replacement therapy.869 cases(77.45%)were cured,253 cases(22.55%)improved,and there were no deaths.Age,time of visit and pre-hospital treatment were the main factors affecting the severity of the disease(P<0.05).Conclusion This study provides critical data support for optimizing the regional snakebite prevention and control system,and it is recommended to strengthen protective education for high-risk populations,improve pre-hospital emergency care training,and enhance serum reserve mechanisms.
作者
艾博华
熊晨曦
邱小倩
严张仁
AI Bohua;XIONG Chenxi;QIU Xiaoqian;YAN Zhangren(Graduate School of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province,330000,China;Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province,330000,China)
出处
《蛇志》
2025年第2期144-147,200,共5页
Journal of Snake
基金
江西中医药大学2024年校级研究生创新专项资金项目(项目名称:南昌及其周边地区毒蛇咬伤流病学调查,项目编号:XJ-S202461)。
关键词
毒蛇咬伤
蛇伤严重程度
南昌地区
回顾性分析
Venomous snake bite
Severity of snakebite
Nanchang region
Retrospective analysis
