摘要
该文通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书并结合近现代文献资料,对诃子药材的名称、基原、学名考订沿革、产地、品质、采收加工、炮制、性味归经与功能主治等方面进行了系统梳理与考证,为含诃子经典名方的开发与利用提供依据。经考证,诃子以“诃黎勒”为名始载于《金匮要略》,其后另有诃子、藏青果、随风子等别名,自元代《本草衍义补遗》首次以诃子为正名,后世沿用,并与“诃黎勒”同为主流名称。1963年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)以诃子为正名,延续至今。通过产地及基原考证,古代诃子自波斯通过广州传入中国,最早在广州栽培,因此以广州为道地,并兼用进口诃子,主流来源为使君子科植物诃子Terminalia chebula的果实。后在云南发现诃子野生资源丰富,并有绒毛诃子T.chebula var.tomentella野生资源,将绒毛诃子与诃子一同归为现代药材诃子的基原,成为诃子近代道地产区。诃子品质古代以“六棱、色黑、肉厚者”为佳,近代以“坚实,肉厚,外皮黄棕色,微皱,有光泽者”为佳。古代多在农历七、八月采收诃子,未提及干燥方式,现今所用诃子多在秋末冬初采收后晒干。历代诃子炮制方法较多样,其炮制形式取决于药用功效,古代有生制、煨制和炒制等炮制形式,生制清肺行气,熟制温胃固肠,所用辅料有酒、醋、姜汁、麸、面等;现代诃子主流炮制方法为稍浸,闷润,去核取肉,干燥使用。诃子性味归经和功效,古代诃子性温、味苦,归大肠经,功效以固脾止泻为主;近代诃子性平、味酸涩,归肺、大肠经,功效以敛肺、止泻、利咽为主。基于考证结果,建议开发经典名方时诃子药材应采用诃子T.chebula,炮制方法可根据处方来源按照原方要求炮制,无炮制记载的方剂按照2020年版《中国药典》的加工方式净制去核使用。
By referring to ancient and modern literature,the systematic textual research was carried out on the origin,scientific name evolution,harvesting,functional indications and other aspects of Chebulae Fructus(CF),in order to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb.Through textual research,it could be known that CF was first recorded in Synopsis of Golden Chamber(《金匮要略》),named Helile,and then there were other aliases such as Hezi,Zangqingguo and Suifengzi.Since the Yuan dynasty,Bencao Yanyi Buy(i《本草衍义补遗》)first took Hezi as its name,which has been used for many generations and has been the mainstream name together with Helile,and the 1963 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia has taken CF as the official name,which is continued to this day.According to the origin and original plant research,ancient CF was introduced into China from Persia,and was first cultivated in Guangzhou.Therefore,Guangzhou was the Dao-di producing area,the imported variety was also used,and the main source of CF was Terminalia chebula.After that,the wild resources of CF were found in Yunnan,and there was T.chebula var.tomentella wild resource of CF,which was classified as the origin of CF together with T.chebula,and Yunnan became the modern Dao-di producing area.The best quality of CF in ancient times was six arrises,black color and thick meat,and modern times is solid,thick flesh,yellowish-brown skin,slightly wrinkled and glossy.In ancient times,CF were mostly harvested in July and August of the lunar calendar without mentioning the drying method,and nowadays,CF is mostly harvested in the late autumn and early winter and then dried in the sun.The processing methods of CF in the past dynasties were varied,and the processing forms depended on the medicinal efficacy,including simmering and stir-frying,of which the raw products for clearing the lung and promoting Qi,and processed products for warming the stomach and strengthening the intestine,the used auxiliary materials were wine,vinegar,ginger juice,bran and others.In modern times,the mainstream processing method is slightly soaked,moistened,pitted and dried.In terms of properties,flavor and efficacy,CF was warm and bitter in nature in ancient times,and belonged to the large intestine meridian,with its efficacy focusing on strengthening the spleen and stopping diarrhea.While in modern times,CF is flat in nature,sour and astringent in taste,and belongs to the lung and large intestine meridians,with its efficacy focusing on astringing the lungs,stopping diarrhea and relieving sore throat.Based on the textual research results,it is suggested that T.chebula should be used in the development of famous classical formulas,the processing method can be selected according to the original prescription requirements,and the formulas without processing records are used in accordance with the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
作者
阿如罕
张金渝
韩国庆
左应梅
王爱祥
郭春燕
朱新焰
李旻辉
詹志来
Aruhan;ZHANG Jinyu;HAN Guoqing;ZUO Yingmei;WANG Aixiang;GUO Chunyan;ZHU Xinyan;LI Minhui;ZHAN Zhilai(Baotou Medical College,Baotou 010040,China;Institute of Medicinal Plant,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hohhot 010020,China;Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medical Research Institute,Hohhot 010010,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
北大核心
2025年第14期215-227,共13页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY100702)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
医疗服务与保障能力提升补助资金项目(中医药事业传承与发展部分)全国中药资源普查项目(财社[2019]39号)
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0190100)
国家自然科学基金项目(82160810)。
关键词
经典名方
诃子
学名
基原
产地
品质
采收加工与炮制
本草考证
famous classical formulas
Chebulae Fructus
scientific name
origin
producing area
quality
harvesting and processing
herbal textual research
