摘要
脑机接口为人脑功能研究和人机智能交互提供了重要方法,开辟了具身智能时代生命科学与信息技术交融的新战场.植入式神经电极作为神经元与电子设备之间的直接通讯工具,能够在细胞尺度上记录和调制神经活动,具有信号范围广、空间分辨率高、易于实现复杂控制等突出优势.然而,植入过程中的组织损伤以及组织和接口之间的机械错配等问题严重限制了神经电极的长期稳定交互功能,迫使其从最初的刚性硅基逐渐变得柔性、可拉伸甚至规定时间内可降解.本文综述了脑机接口技术中植入式神经电极的发展历程和研究进展,从材料和器件角度重点介绍了具有低异物反应的神经电极的制备策略,并讨论了植入式神经电极未来的发展趋势和可能面临的挑战.
Brain-computer interfaces offer a significant approach for the research of human brain functions and humanmachine intelligence interaction,inaugurating a new battlefield where life sciences and information technology blend in the era of embodied intelligence.Implantable neural electrodes,serving as direct communication tools between neurons and electronic devices,are capable of recording and modulating neural activities at the cellular scale,featuring prominent advantages such as a wide signal range,high spatial resolution,and ease in achieving complex control.Nevertheless,issues like tissue damage during the implantation process and mechanical mismatch between tissues and interfaces severely restrict the long-term stable interaction function of neural electrodes,compelling them to gradually transform from the initial rigid silicon-based ones to flexible,stretchable,and even degradable ones within a prescribed time.This article reviews the development course and research progress of implantable neural electrodes in braincomputer interface technology,highlighting the fabrication strategies of neural electrodes with low foreign body responses from the perspectives of materials and devices,and discusses the future development trends and potential challenges of implantable neural electrodes.
作者
田雅洁
王安河
荆雅峰
白硕
Yajie Tian;Anhe Wang;Yafeng Jing;Shuo Bai(State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《中国科学:化学》
北大核心
2025年第6期1401-1413,共13页
SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(编号:XDB0520300)
国家自然科学基金(编号:22407126,22277121)资助项目。
关键词
脑机接口
植入式神经电极
长期稳定性
brain-computer interfaces
implantable neural electrodes
long-term stability
