摘要
WTO的成员与组织存在两种互动关系:一种是成员通过组织内部机制表达意愿、施加影响力(“成员驱动”);另一种是全部成员作为委托者有条件地授权代理者(WTO秘书处、专家组和上诉机构)以权威,代理者获得一定程度的自主性并成为WTO身份、意志和利益的载体(“委托—授权”)。在“成员驱动”的情形中,影响决策机制运行的主要因素是成员的决策偏好以及决策权分配与权力格局的匹配程度。相应的改革方案需要以促进决策效率为目标,在匹配成员的决策权与其权力的基础上,确保各成员掌握直接影响其权利与义务事项的决定权。在“委托—授权”的情形中,影响决策机制运行的主要因素是“委托—授权”的收益以及代理者的“懈怠”行为。对此,改革重点是提高WTO秘书处的公正性和中立性,强化专家组和上诉机构的政治协调能力并建构合理的控制机制。
There are two types of interactive relationships between WTO members and WTO:one is that members express their will and exert influence through internal mechanisms of the organization("member-driven");Another approach is for all members to conditionally authorize agents(WTO Secretariat,panel and appellate body)as principals to exercise authority,and agents gain a certain degree of autonomy and become carriers of WTO identity,will,and interests("delegation-agency").In the case of"member-driven",the main factors affecting the operation of the decision-making mechanism are members'decision-making preferences and the degree of matching between members'decision-making power allocation and global power structure.The reform plan needs to aim to promote decision-making efficiency,ensuring that each member holds the decision-making right that directly affects their rights and obligations,based on matching their power and authority.In the case of"delegation-agency",the main factors affecting the operation of the decision-making mechanism are the benefits of"delegation-agency"and the""agent slack".The focus of the reform is to enhance the impartiality and neutrality of the WTO Secretariat,strengthen the political coordination capabilities of panels and appellate body,and construct a reasonable control mechanism.
出处
《国际经济法学刊》
2025年第2期30-48,共19页
Journal of International Economic Law
关键词
成员驱动
委托—授权
决策效率
自主性
Member-driven
Delegation-agency
Decision-making Efficiency
Autonomy
