摘要
‘南果梨’是海城市东部山区的主导特色产业。目前生产上普遍存在盲目施肥现象,大量施用化肥,有机肥施用严重不足,直接影响果实产量和品质,导致优质果率、商品果率、经济效益逐年下降,严重制约‘南果梨’特色产业的质量提升和可持续发展。为了有效提升‘南果梨’的产量和品质,2021、2022年连续在海城市‘南果梨’重点产区实施施用有机肥并替代部分化肥项目。研究结果表明,在666.7 m^(2)施用有机肥1000 kg的前提下,加施果树专用肥60 kg和减施果树专用肥10%两个处理能明显促进树体生长发育、提高果实产量和品质,分别较对照新梢长度增加12.07%、10.47%,百叶重增加11.25%、3.53%,叶片氮含量提高0.45%、0.41%,产量增加6.39%、5.57%,可溶性固形物含量提高3.01%、1.81%,总糖含量提高2.3%、1.4%,总酸含量降低0.15%、0.11%,果实着色率均达到75%以上,优质果率达到80%以上。即在666.7 m^(2)施用有机肥1000 kg的前提下,果树专用肥可减量10%。
‘Nanguo Pear’is the leading characteristic industry in the eastern mountainous area of Haicheng Ctiy.At present,there was a widespread phenomenon of blind fertilization in production,with a large amount of chemical fertilizers and a serious shortage of organic fertilizers,which directly affects fruit yield and quality,leading to a decline in high-quality fruit rate,commercial fruit rate,and economic benefits year by year,seriously restricting the quality improvement and sustainable development of the‘Nanguo Pear’characteristic industry.In order to effectively improve the yield and quality of‘Nanguo Pear’,the project of applying organic fertilizer and replacing some chemical fertilizers will be implemented continuously in the key production area of‘Nanguo Pear’in Haicheng City in 2021 and 2022.The research results showed that under the premise of applying 1000 kg of organic fertilizer at 666.7 m^(2),adding 60 kg of fruit tree specific fertilizer and reducing the application of fruit tree specific fertilizer by 10%can significantly promote tree growth and development,improve yield and quality.Compared with the control,the length of new shoots increased by 12.07%and 10.47%,the weight of leaves increased by 11.25%and 3.53%,the nitrogen content of leaves increased by 0.45%and 0.41%,the yield increased by 6.39%and 5.57%,the soluble solid content increased by 3.01%and 1.81%,the total sugar content increased by 2.3%and 1.4%,the total acid content decreased by 0.15%and 0.11%,and the fruit coloring rate reached over 75%.The high-quality fruit rate reached over 80%.Under the premise of applying 1000 kg of organic fertilizer in 666.7 m^(2) can reduce the amount of fruit tree specific fertilizer by 10%.
作者
孔令伟
KONG Ling-wei(Haicheng Agricultural and Rural Development Center,Haicheng Liaoning 114200,China)
出处
《北方果树》
2025年第4期22-24,共3页
Northern Fruits
关键词
南果梨
有机肥
化肥
产量
品质
Nanguo Pear
organic fertilizer
fertilizer
yield
quality
