摘要
锦江流域生猪养殖业发达,流域内抗生素和抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)污染问题受到广泛关注。本研究以锦江流域水体及周边汇入河流的养猪场排水和污水处理厂尾水为调查对象,探究了4类15种常见抗生素的赋存特征及时空分布规律,并采用高通量荧光定量PCR技术,分析了水体中ARGs和可移动基因元件(mobile genetic elements,MGEs)的种类和丰度,对比分析了锦江流域水体抗生素及ARGs污染状况,探究了锦江河流中抗生素和ARGs的主要来源。结果表明,锦江河流、周边污水处理厂尾水和养猪场排水中磺胺甲噁唑、土霉素、金霉素检出率均达100%,且检出浓度较高的分别为锦江河流中磺胺类抗生素(0.22~50.16 ng·L^(-1))、污水处理厂尾水中氧氟沙星(29.51~163.12 ng·L^(-1))和养猪场排水中土霉素(462.45~2170.94 ng·L^(-1))、强力霉素(170.80~498.73 ng·L^(-1));相对于其他抗生素,锦江河流中磺胺甲噁唑、氧氟沙星和罗红霉素的中等生态风险值得关注;在空间分布上,锦江河流中仅磺胺类抗生素浓度波动较大且在上游、下游点位均出现峰值;在时间分布上,农业管理政策出台和季节水量变化是影响锦江地表水中抗生素年际和月际变化的重要原因。锦江河流中检出ARGs亚型277种,显著高于污水处理厂尾水(73种)和养猪场排水(149种);ARGs相对丰度变化范围为1.16×10^(-4)~9.38×10^(-1)(相对于16S rRNA),其中相对丰度较高的3类ARGs分别为多重耐药类、氨基糖苷类和磺胺类;不同的MGEs能够促进锦江水体中利胆醇类、磺胺类、四环素类、二氨基嘧啶类等ARGs的水平转移。与国内外其他河流相比,锦江地表水中抗生素检出浓度和ARGs检出数量处在中等水平。主坐标分析(principal coordinates analysis,PCoA)和主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)共同表明,锦江河流中抗生素的主要来源有污水处理厂尾水、规模化生猪养殖及人类医疗废水,ARGs组成则主要受养猪废水中携带的ARGs影响。
The pig farming industry is well-developed in the Jinjiang River Basin,and the pollution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)within the basin has attracted widespread attention.This study investigated the occurrence characteristics and spatio-temporal distribution patterns of 4 categories and 15 common antibiotics in the surface water of the Jinjiang River and its surrounding tributaries,including pig farm drainage and sewage treatment plant effluent.High-throughput fluorescence quantitative PCR technology was used to analyze the types and abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements(MGEs)in the water bodies.A comparative analysis was conducted on the pollution status of antibiotics and ARGs in the Jinjiang River,and the sources of antibiotics and ARGs in the Jinjiang River were explored.The results showed that the detection rate of sulfamethoxazole,oxytetracycline,and chlortetracycline in the Jinjiang River,as well as in the effluent from surrounding sewage treatment plants and pig farms,were all 100%.The concentrations detected were particularly high for sulfonamide antibiotics in the Jinjiang River(0.22~50.16 ng·L^(-1)),ofloxacin(29.51~163.12 ng·L^(-1))in the effluent from sewage treatment plants,and oxytetracycline(462.45~2170.94 ng·L^(-1)),doxycycline(170.80~498.73 ng·L^(-1))in the drainage from pig farms.Compared to other antibiotics,the moderate ecological risks of sulfamethoxazole,ofloxacin,and roxithromycin in the Jinjiang River were more worthy of attention.Spatially,only the concentration of sulfonamide antibiotics in the Jinjiang River fluctuated significantly and peaked at both upstream and downstream.Temporally,the introduction of agricultural management policies and seasonal water volume changes were important factors affecting the interannual and monthly variations of antibiotics in the Jinjiang River.A total of 277 ARG subtypes were detected in the Jinjiang River,which is significantly higher than the number found in the effluent from sewage treatment plants(73 subtypes)and pig farm drainage(149 subtypes).The relative abundance of ARGs in the Jinjiang River ranged from 1.16×10^(-4)to 9.38×10^(-1)(relative to 16S rRNA),and the top three ARGs with high relative abundance were multidrug,aminoglycoside and sulfonamide.Different MGEs promoted the horizontal transfer of ARGs such as phenicol,sulfonamide,tetracycline,and diaminopyrimidine in the Jinjiang River.Compared with other rivers at home and abroad,the detected concentration of antibiotics and the number of detected ARGs in the surface water of the Jinjiang River are at a medium level.Principal coordinates analysis and principal component analysis jointly indicated that the main sources of antibiotics in the Jinjiang River were wastewater treatment plant effluent,large-scale pig farms,and human medical care.The composition of ARGs in the Jinjiang River was mainly influenced by the ARGs carried in pig farming drainage.
作者
楼倩
韩柳
何涛
刘梦婷
丁惠君
吴亦潇
LOU Qian;HAN Liu;HE Tao;LIU Mengting;DING Huijun;WU Yixiao(Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Watershed Soil and Water Conservation,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flood and Drought Disaster Defense,Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering,Nanchang 330029,China;Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization,Ministry of Education,Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization,Ministry of Education,School of Resources&Environment,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan 430023,China)
出处
《生态毒理学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期233-252,共20页
Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42107097)
江西省杰出青年基金项目(20224ACB214013)
江西省自然科学基金重点项目(20232ACB203023)
江西省水利厅科技项目(课题)(202425YBKT02)
江西省水利科学院开放研究基金项目(2021SKSH03)。
关键词
抗生素
锦江
时空分布
抗生素抗性基因
来源分析
antibiotics
Jinjiang River
spatio-temporal distribution
antibiotic resistance genes
source analysis
