摘要
声景是决定湿地公园品质的关键要素,收集其各类时空信息并进行相关性分析能为声景优化提供有效指导。以艾溪湖湿地公园为研究对象,运用网络大数据、实地监测和公众问卷调查,揭示了声景物理指标(L_(Aeq)、L_(10)、L_(90)、L_(10-L90))的时空格局、声源感知指标(声源和谐度)的空间自相关性和二者之间的空间关系,并探讨了二者对声景满意度的影响因素。研究发现:声景物理指标在湿地公园时空尺度上呈现明显动态变化和分布差异;生物声、地球物理声与人类活动声和谐度在空间分布上存在显著的声源竞争效应;声源和谐度在全局和局部模型中均呈显著空间自相关性,其分布模式与空间功能类型、人类活动密切相关;声景物理指标与声源和谐度主要呈空间负相关,LAeq对声景满意度有显著负面影响,L90与生物声和谐度对声景满意度有显著正面影响。
As a key element determining the quality of wetland parks,the soundscape is particularly significant for the mental health healing of urban residents.Based on Aixi Lake Wetland Park,this study aims to disclose the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and spatial relationships of soundscape physical indicators and source perception indicators,as well as their effects on soundscape satisfaction.Results provide scientific references for the planning and management of soundscapes in wetland parks.By using methods such as network big data,field monitoring,and public questionnaire surveys,this study breaks through the static and one-dimensional limitations of traditional soundscape research,constructs a spatiotemporal dynamic analysis framework,and explores soundscape information of the wetland by combining a two-dimensional index system of physical indicators and perception evaluations.First,a field survey of Aixi Lake Wetland Park was conducted and 24 sampling points were selected.Changes in passenger flow were reflected by using the Baidu Heat Map data.Soundscape physical index parameters were collected by a sound level meter,including equivalent sound level LAeq and integral sound level indicators L10 and L90.Moreover,a synthetic parameter L10-L90 was introduced to analyze the dynamic changes of physical indicators.Meanwhile,soundscape perception data,including sound source harmony and soundscape satisfaction,were collected through questionnaires.After screening,1,116 valid questionnaires were obtained.The Inverse Distance Weighting(IDW)method in ArcGIS 10.5 was used for interpolation analysis to create various soundscape physical and perception indicators.The spatial layout characteristics and patterns of sound source harmony were analyzed through the global and local spatial autocorrelation models,and the spatial relationship between soundscape physical indicators and sound source harmony was evaluated using the band set statistical analysis.Effects of soundscape physical indicators and sound source harmony on soundscape satisfaction were discussed through the multivariate stepwise regression analysis.This study finds noticeable dynamic changes and distribution differences of soundscape physical indicators on the spatiotemporal scale of wetland parks,and they are influenced by pedestrian flow in different functional spaces.There is a significant sound source competition effect in the spatial distribution of the harmony of biological,geophysical,and human activity sounds.The sound source harmony shows significant spatial autocorrelation in both global and local models,and its distribution pattern is closely related to spatial function types and human activities.Soundscape physical indicators and sound source harmony are mainly negatively correlated in space.The former may have an inhibitory effect on the perception of the latter,based on the sound source masking effect.The equivalent sound level LAeq has a significant negative impact on soundscape satisfaction,while the harmony between background sound L90 and biological sounds has a significant positive impact on soundscape satisfaction.Based on the research results,the following soundscape planning strategies for wetland parks were proposed.First,noises at specific times and in particular areas where the soundscape physical indicators are too high are controlled from transmission paths through various means,including plant barriers and terrain adjustment.Second,protection measures or management and regulation-such as using playback devices to introduce sound sources with high harmony at major landscape nodes to create a diverse soundscape-are implemented according to spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of sound source harmony.Third,macro-regulation over the spatial autocorrelation of sound source harmony is conducted to maintain the homogeneity of the overall soundscape within the region.Fourth,soundscape satisfaction is improved by controlling LAeq,increasing the harmony of biological sounds,and strengthening L90 according to the spatial relationship between sound source harmony and soundscape physical indicators and their impacts on soundscape satisfaction.Research results provide a scientific basis and data reference for urban wetland park optimization and future development.This study helps decision-makers and planners accurately meet the public's expectations for wetland soundscapes,guide the formulation of refined construction and renovation strategies,and improve the soundscape and overall quality and experience of wetland parks.
作者
赵志青
李文康
何庆鹏
陈震奇
卢倚天
ZHAO Zhiqing;LI Wenkang;HE Qingpeng;CHEN Zhenqi;LU Yitian
出处
《南方建筑》
北大核心
2025年第6期96-106,共11页
South Architecture
基金
2024年国家社会科学基金资助(24SGC090):民族融合视角下东南山区畲族聚落空间融合再生机制研究。
关键词
湿地公园
声景图
声景物理指标
声景感知指标
时空信息
wet land park
soundscape map
soundscape physical indicators
soundscape perception indicators
spatiotemporal information
