摘要
在建成环境领域的现有研究成果中,目前缺乏眼动追踪技术应用的专业性和针对性综述,对于眼动追踪的实验设计也尚未有系统性的梳理。整理近20年国内外相关文献的知识图谱,选择其中视觉偏好、行为决策等热点研究实例,比较其在眼动实验设计、指标选取以及数据处理方式的异同。归纳出眼动追踪技术在建成环境领域各个子领域的应用占比和研究趋势,总结了眼动追踪实验的构成分类与设计流程。深化并拓展了眼动追踪技术在建成环境研究中的应用,提高建成环境设计与研究分析的可靠性,揭示眼动追踪技术在未来具有广阔的应用前景和价值。
Objective:As a key tool to analyze human visual behavior and cognitive mechanisms,eye-tracking technology has been increasingly applied to study built environments in recent years.However,there are insufficient systematic reviews and standardized experimental protocols.Existing studies predominantly focus on single-scenario analyses or isolated technical dimensions,lacking integrative exploration of cross-domain applicability,multimodal integration potential,and methodological heterogeneity.This study aims to disclose the evolutionary pathways of eye-tracking technology in the field of built environment,core research themes,and methodological frameworks through a literature review at home and abroad in the recent two decades.It elucidates domainspecific applications and challenges across sub-fields(e.g.,architectural heritage conservation and urban design).It proposes innovative directions for technical refinement and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the objectivity of studies on environmental behaviors and lay the foundations for guidance in practical projects.Method:Relevant studies from 2005 to 2024 were searched systematically from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science Core Collection.A visual analysis of keyword clusters and temporal trends was conducted using Cite Space knowledge mapping tools.The key research themes-such as visual preference,behavioral decision-making,and spatial perception-were identified.Finally,217 studies were included after strict screening.Experimental designs,indicator selection,and device applicability were summarized systematically by combining them with a visual perception framework.Some typical cases,including architectural heritage preservation and urban public space evaluation,were chosen for a comparative analysis of differences in experimental process and multimodal data integration strategies under different scenes,aiming to disclose internal application logic and innovation pathways of the eye-tracking technology.Conclusions:Research hotspots and experimental methods of eye-tracking technology in the field of built environments show significant systematic characteristics.The experimental process consists of theoretical framework establishment,variable control,device selection,data acquisition,and analysis methods.With respect to experimental design,static image media are mainly applied to studies on visual preference and emotional experience.Dynamic scenes are most applied to behavioral decision-making and cognition process analysis.For indicator selection,gaze-based indicators dominate visual attention research,whereas pupil-based indicators are mainly applied to analyze emotional arousal.Indicators of twitching of the eyelid and scanning path emphasize the analysis of cognitive strategies.It has become increasingly popular to integrate multimodal data,and research on complicated environments is combined with EEG,ECG or environmental sensor data to reveal the psychological significance limitation of a single indicator.Research hotspots concentrate on four major directions:namely,building space perception and behavior pattern,urban public space experience and evaluation,attention recovery and emotional experience,and multidimensional perceptual interaction.Eye-tracking technology provides high-precision behavior and cognitive analytic tools to study built environments.However,its deep applications have to break the limitations of technological isolation and theoretical separation.Key attention should be paid to the innovation of three aspects in future:(1)strengthening the integration of multiple technologies,such as combining VR to optimize immersive experiences and using AI deep learning to establish dynamic design response mechanisms;(2)expanding research on multimodal perceptual interaction by integrating sensory data such as soundscapes and tactile feedback to enhance the integrity of environmental experiences;and(3)deepening interdisciplinary collaboration by embedding psychological and neuroscientific theories into experimental designs to analyze the multidimensional driving mechanisms of environmental behavior.This study demonstrates that research can focus on the optimization of eye-tracking interaction mechanisms,high-risk scene cognition modeling,and dynamic protection strategies of historical cultural spaces to facilitate research paradigm shifts from"data-driven"to"design-empowered",finally facilitating practices of the smart human-oriented built environment.
作者
朱丁啸
陆百川
章为
史亦雄
ZHU Dingxiao;LU Baichuan;ZHANG Wei;SHI Yixiong
出处
《南方建筑》
北大核心
2025年第6期33-41,共9页
South Architecture
基金
湖南省重点领域研发计划-重点研发(2021WK2004):中意木构建筑病理分析监测及其根际免疫技术集成合作研究
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978250):少数民族地区传统村落保护发展及其现代空间转换实证研究
湖南省教育厅教改课题(222JGYB050):基于“校企共建”背景下建筑学专业硕士培养过程管理探究。
关键词
眼动追踪技术
知识图谱
建成环境
眼动实验
环境行为学
eye-tracking technology
knowledge graph
built environment
eye-tracking experiment
environment behavior studies
