摘要
以新型举国体制强化国家战略科技力量是后发国家克服市场失灵、系统失灵与制度失灵,从技术追赶迈向技术超越的必由之路。基于切克兰德系统理论、复杂适应系统理论,文章将国家创新体系解构为战略体系、过程体系与能力体系,并以此作为理论分析框架。以新型举国体制强化国家战略科技力量在本质上是对国家创新体系的系统优化,其中,战略体系功能是以“四个面向”为主攻领域实现高水平科技自立自强;过程体系功能是处理好“三类关系”、建设“平衡式”治理系统;能力体系功能是推动形成“三类能力”,塑造国家竞争新优势。在此过程中,需注重健全制度供需适配机制、政府市场协同发力机制、多元主体融合机制,克服“三重失灵”困境,进而提升国家创新体系的整体效能。“十五五”时期,中国要进一步探索以新型举国体制强化国家战略科技力量的实践创新,坚持系统思维,在创新主体、创新基础、创新资源、创新环境等方面持续用力,形成“使命牵引—数智赋能—体系协同—开放竞合”的优选路径,为后发国家实现技术赶超提供中国方案。
Strengthening national strategic science and technology forces via the new whole-nation system is the inevitable choice of latecomers to overcome market,system and institutional failures and move from technological catch-up to technological leadership.This paper deconstructs the national innovation system into strategic,process,and capability systems based on Checkland's system classification theory and Complex Adaptive System,andusing it as the theoretical framework for analysis.The essence of strengthening the national strategic science and technology forces through the new whole-nation system can be understood as a systematic optimization process of the national innovation system.What's more,the strategic system emphasizes achieving high-level technological self-reliance and self-strengthening by focusing on the"Four Orientations"(i.e.,world technological frontiers,main economic battlefield,major national needs,and people's health).The process system focuses on properly handling the"Three Relationships"(government and market,central and local government,and self-reliance and openness)to build a"balanced"governance system.The capability system prioritizes the development of"Three Capabilities"(original innovation,integrated innovation,and open innovation)to shape new competitive advantages for the nation.To enhance the effectiveness of this process,mechanisms such as institutional supply-demand alignment,government-market synergy,and multi-stakeholder integration should be established,so as to overcome the dilemma of"triple failures"and improve the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.During the"15th Five-year Plan"period,China should further explore practical innovations in strengthening the national strategic science and technology forces through the new whole-nation system,adhere to a systemic thinking approach,and continuously exert efforts in innovation entities,innovation foundations,innovation resources,and innovation environments.This will form an optimal path characterized by"mission-driven-digital intelligence empowerment-system synergy-open competition and cooperation",providing a Chinese solution for latecomer countries to fulfill technological catch-up and technological leadership.
作者
郭跃文
李源
陈志明
刘城
Guo Yuewen;Li Yuan;Chen Zhiming;Liu Cheng
出处
《南方经济》
北大核心
2025年第6期1-15,共15页
South China Journal of Economics
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“经济体制改革牵引作用与协同推进其他各领域改革研究”(24ZDA006)资助。
关键词
新型举国体制
国家战略科技力量
国家创新体系
技术赶超
New Whole-nation System
National Strategy Science and Technology Forces
National Innovation System
Technology Catch-up
