摘要
钛/铝异种焊接结构兼具钛合金的高强度、耐腐蚀性以及铝合金的轻质、易成型特性,为产品设计和制造提供了更广阔的选择空间。同时,该结构有助于降低构件质量和成本,实现轻量化与结构-功能一体化。搅拌摩擦焊作为一种固相焊接方法,是最适合于钛/铝异种连接的方法之一。然而,在钛/铝常规搅拌摩擦焊接过程中,仍存在搅拌针磨损严重、焊缝厚度方向性能不均匀、焊缝根部易出现未焊合缺陷、金属间化合物难以精准调控等问题。本文综述了国内外研究者针对上述问题提出的改进措施,探索了多种新型工艺,以期改善钛/铝常规搅拌摩擦焊的不足,实现高质量连接。分析对比了不同改型工艺的特点与适用性,主要包括界面添加中间层、施加辅助外场、改变接头形式以及采用静轴肩搅拌摩擦焊4种方法,探讨其在提升焊接质量和优化界面性能方面的作用与机制,并对钛/铝异种搅拌摩擦焊的未来发展方向进行了系统总结。最后指出,未来的研究应进一步优化焊接改型新工艺,同时提高工艺的稳定性和工业应用的可行性,以推动钛/铝异种焊接结构的工程化应用。
The Ti/Al dissimilar welded structure combines the high strength and corrosion resistance of titanium alloys with the lightweight and formability advantages of aluminum alloys,providing a broader range of options for product design and manufacturing.Meanwhile,this structure helps reduce component mass and cost,achieving lightweight design and structural-functional integration.Friction stir welding(FSW),as a solid-state welding method,is one of the most suitable techniques for Ti/Al dissimilar joining.However,conventional Ti/Al FSW still faces challenges such as severe tool wear,non-uniform mechanical properties along the weld thickness,potential lack of penetration at the weld root,and difficulty in precisely controlling intermetallic compounds(IMCs).This paper reviews the improvements proposed by researchers worldwide to address these issues,exploring various innovative processes to overcome the limitations of conventional Ti/Al FSW and achieve high-quality joints.It analyzes and compares the characteristics and applicability of different modified FSW techniques,including interlayer addition at the interface,application of auxiliary external fields,modification of joint configurations,and stationary shoulder FSW.The study further explores their roles and mechanisms in enhancing weld quality and optimizing interface properties,while systematically summarizing future research directions for Ti/Al dissimilar FSW.Finally,it is pointed out that future research should focus on further optimizing modified welding processes,improving process stability,and enhancing industrial feasibility to promote the engineering application of Ti/Al dissimilar welded structures.
作者
石磊
张贤昆
李阳
武传松
刘小超
SHI Lei;ZHANG Xiankun;LI Yang;WU Chuansong;LIU Xiaochao(Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education),Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)
出处
《材料工程》
北大核心
2025年第6期62-73,共12页
Journal of Materials Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52275349,52035005)
山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)资助项目(2021ZLGX01)。
关键词
搅拌摩擦焊
钛/铝异种金属
改型搅拌摩擦焊
连接机制
金属间化合物
力学性能
friction stir welding
Ti/Al dissimilar metal
modified friction stir welding
joining mechanism
intermetallic compound
mechanical property
