摘要
莆华白是从福建省莆田市九华农场枇杷实生群体中选育,并通过分子标记技术溯源的中晚熟白肉枇杷新品种。果实近圆形,果皮和果肉均呈黄白色,易剥皮;平均单果质量58.75 g,可食率70.98%,每果种子数4~5粒。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)12.87%,可溶性总糖含量(以葡萄糖计)9.54%,可滴定酸含量(以柠檬酸计)0.36%,果肉细腻,酸甜适口,品质较优。果实发育期约140 d,在福建省莆田市涵江区大洋乡4月中下旬至5月上旬成熟。树势强,高抗叶斑病,丰产性与稳产性表现好。适宜在福建莆田及气候相似的中低海拔地区推广种植。
Puhuabai is a new mid-to-late season and white-fleshed loquat cultivar developed from the seedling populations at Jiuhua Farm in Putian City,Fujian Province.Its genetic lineage was verified through molecular marker analysis.An exceptional loquat seedling tree was discovered in the 1980s near the cattle pen at Yanghu Headquarters of Jiuhua Farm(a state-owned farm established in 1955).This tree exhibited stable fruiting performance,yellowish-white flesh,and superior quality.From 1984 to 1996,graft propagation trials in multiple locations(e.g.,Xiazheng,Longqiao Yangxi,Xiuyu District,Dayang Keshan,and Yuanpu)revealed its stable traits,including large fruit size,excellent flavor,high yield,and good disease resistance,leading to its preliminary selection as an elite line.In 2020,Putian University initiated systematic breeding and temporarily named it Puhuabai.In June 2021,It was con-firmed that this cultivar originated from the natural seedling populations of loquat at Jiuhua Farm.SSR molecular marker analysis of 50 loquat germplasms demonstrated its closest genetic relationship to Jie-fangzhong.Multi-regional and production trials from 2021 to 2023 culminated in its official certifica-tion by the Fujian Provincial Committee for Non-Staple Crop Variety Certification in December 2024.The trees have semi-spreading canopy with vigorous growth,robust branches and sparse lenticels.The leaves are broad-elliptic(30.26 cm×9.79 cm),tomentose,and dark green,with wedge-shaped base,rounded serrations,prominent venation and persistent stipules.The flowers are bisexual,with white pet-als,5 styles,30 stamens,2.13 cm in diameter,13.95 cm in inflorescence and cold tolerance(normal flowering/fruiting at 4℃).The nearly round fruits exhibit yellowish-white peel and flesh with easy peelling feature.Key characteristics include an average fruit weight of 58.75 g,edible portion rate of 70.98%,and 4-5 seeds per fruit.The soluble solids content is 12.87%,total soluble sugars(glucose equivalent)content is 9.54%,and titratable acidity(citric acid equivalent)is 0.36%,contributing to its fine-textured flesh and well-balanced sweet-sour flavor.The fruits develop for about 140 days and ma-ture from mid-late April to early May in Dayang Township,Hanjiang District,Putian City,Fujian Prov-ince.The trees demonstrate vigorous growth,strong resistance to leaf spot disease,and excellent produc-tivity with stable yields.This cultivar is recommended for cultivation in Putian,Fujian Province,and cli-matically similar regions at low-to-medium elevations.Cultivation site selection includes well-drained and acidic soil(pH 5.5-6.5)with deep loamy layers,rich organic matters and gentle slopes(<20°).Planting density is 40-42 plants·666.7 m^(-2)(4.0 m×4.0 m spacing).Dig planting holes(0.8 m deep×1.0 m diameter),layer with bean stalks/weeds(2/3 depth),add decomposed manure,and backfill the holes.Optimal planting periods are mid-October(autumn)or February to March(spring).Rootstock can choose Jiefangzhong seedlings with robust root systems.Fertilization can be recommended as follows:Young trees:N-focused(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=1∶0.5∶0.6),4-6 applications/year;Bearing trees:to control nitro-gen and increase potassium(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=1∶0.5∶1),with 2-3 applications/year.Spring(fruit enlarge-ment):Fast-acting fertilizer(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=3∶2∶2.5),25%-30%annual dose.Summer(post-harvest):Fast-acting fertilizer(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=3∶2∶2.5)+organic manure,45%-50%annual dose.Autumn(op-tional):Fast-acting fertilizer(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=5∶2.5∶5)+organic manure,25%-30%annual dose.Prun-ing includes to cut back the whip seedling below 0.7 m to promote low branching,and maintain 0.5 m interlayer spacing,with 3-4 primary branches per layer,and 2-3 secondary branches per primary branch.Post-harvest pruning focuses on removing weak/pest-damaged branches and cutting back leaf-less shoots.Fruit management include to thin fruits to 3-8 per cluster,and bag fruits with dual-layer“paper bag+foam net”to improve fruit appearance.Harvest should be done at 90%maturity.
作者
林授锴
涂四平
马世伟
林志聪
范国藩
林顺权
吴锦程
LIN Shoukai;TU Siping;MAShiwei;LIN Zhicong;FAN Guofan;LIN Shunquan;WU Jincheng(College of Environmental and Biological Engineering,Putian University,Putian 351100,Fujian,China;Putian Xiuyu District Experi-mental Middle School,Putian 351146,Fujian,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期1368-1372,共5页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
福建省高校产学合作项目(2021N5014)
福建省高校产学研联合创新项目(2022N5006)
福建省科技特派团服务重点产业链专项(2024N0062)。
关键词
枇杷
新品种
莆华白
白肉
Loquat
New cultivar
Puhuabai
White-flesh
