资本偏向型税收激励如何影响企业新质生产力发展——基于固定资产加速折旧政策的经验证据

How Does Capital-Biased Tax Incentive Affect the Development of New Quality Productive Forces in Enterprises?Empirical Evidence Based on the Accelerated Depreciation Policy for Fixed Assets

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摘要税收优惠政策作为税制体系的有机组成部分,在促进新质生产力发展中扮演着重要的角色。基于2011-2022年我国沪深A股非金融类上市公司数据,借助固定资产加速折旧这一税收优惠政策,实证考察资本偏向型税收激励对企业新质生产力发展的影响及其传导机制。研究发现,固定资产加速折旧政策的实施能够有效促进企业新质生产力的发展,该效应通过资本深化、创新风险缓解、资源优化配置等渠道发挥作用;对于位于东部地区、中心城市的企业以及行业竞争程度较高、具备高新技术认定资质的企业,固定资产加速折旧政策对新质生产力发展的激励效应更为明显。为加快推动企业新质生产力发展,应在深化税制改革基础上,健全完善“精准滴灌+长周期支持+风险包容”的税收激励机制,同时针对不同类型企业分层分类施策,并强化税收政策与其他宏观政策的统筹协调和系统集成,最大限度发挥其整体效能。 As an integral component of the tax system,tax incentive policies play a pivotal role in advanc-ing the development of new quality productive forces.This study uses data from China's Shanghai and Shen-zhen A-share listed companies between 2011 and 2022,and empirically examine the impact of capital-biased tax incentives,represented by the accelerated depreciation policy for fixed assets,on the development of new quality productive forces in enterprises and their transmission mechanisms.The findings reveal that the imple-mentation of the accelerated depreciation policy for fixed assets effectively promotes the development of new quality productive forces in enterprises.Mechanism tests indicate that this policy primarily enhances enterprise development of new quality productive forces through channels such as capital deepening,innovation risk mitigation,and resource optimization.Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the accelerated depreciation policy exerts stronger incentive effects on enterprises located in eastern and central regions,central cities,industries with higher competition levels,and those with high-tech certification qualifications.To accelerate the cultivation of new quality productive forces,China should refine and improve the tax incentive mecha-nism featuring"targeted support,long-cycle assistance and risk tolerance"based on deepened tax system reforms,while designing tailored measures for different tiers and categories of enterprises and strengthening the holistic coordination and systematic integration of tax incentives with other macroeconomic policies to maxi-mize their policy efficacy.

作者刘洪铎邱晗薇陈晓珊 LIU Hongduo;QIU Hanwei;CHEN Xiaoshan

机构地区广东外语外贸大学经济贸易学院广东财经大学会计学院、智能财会管理学院

出处《学习与实践》北大核心 2025年第6期103-115,共13页 Study and Practice

基金广东省哲学社会科学规划一般项目“制度型开放对粤港澳大湾区提升国际循环质量的作用机理及优化路径研究”(项目编号:GD24CYJ08)。

关键词固定资产加速折旧新质生产力资本深化创新风险缓解资源优化配置 Accelerated depreciation of fixed assets New quality productive forces Capital deepening Innovation risk mitigation Resource optimization allocation

分类号 F812.42 [经济管理—财政学]