摘要
建构游戏是幼儿生成经验与意义系统的基本游戏活动,建构游戏指导是支持幼儿深度参与建构游戏并从中生长出新经验的的关键他者因素,然而在日常教育情境中,建构游戏指导常常遭遇两难困境。在帕森斯单位行动理论视角下,综合使用访谈法和观察法搜集幼儿园教师建构游戏指导的具身经验资料,采用类属分析法对相关资料分析与处理,发现其建构游戏指导面临以下几种困境:被认知遮蔽的主体困境、内在依据缺失的目标困境、空间要素受限的条件困境、思维工具失灵的手段困境与被现实裹挟的规范困境。幼儿园教师系统的实践性知识不足是导致其建构游戏指导主体困境、目标困境和手段困境的根本原因;园所消极管理因素是导致建构游戏指导条件困境与规范困境的直接原因。因此,多维度建设可及化学习环境以丰富幼儿园教师建构游戏指导实践性知识,构建四位一体的园所管理制度,消解建构游戏指导的结构性限制是突破当前教师建构游戏指导困境的关键出路。
Constructive play serves as a vital developmental activity where young children actively construct systems of experience and meaning.While teacher guidance in such play acts as a crucial scaffold for deepening engagement and facilitating new learning.However,its implementation faces persistent challenges in practice.From the perspective of Parsons′unit act theory,this qualitative study investigates kindergarten teachers′constructive play guidance through interviews and observational data,analyzed via categorical methods.Findings reveal five interrelated dilemmas:subject-oriented(teacher agency obscured by cognitive biases),goal-oriented(lack of pedagogical coherence),condition-oriented(spatial-resource constraints),means-oriented(deficient cognitive scaffolding tools),and norm-oriented(institutional pragmatism pressures).Analysis identifies teachers′insufficient systematic-practical knowledge as the root cause of the first three dilemmas,while passive organizational management underlies the latter two.Therefore,multi-dimensional enrichment of preschool teachers′practical knowledge of constructive game guidance,construction of a four-in-one kindergarten management system,and elimination of structural restrictions on constructing game guidance are the key ways to break through the current dilemma of teachers′constructive game guidance.
作者
王春燕
刘延金
WANG Chunyan;LIU Yanjin(School of Educational Science,Chengdu Normal University,Chengdu Sichuan 611130,China;Sichuan International Education Development Research Center,Chengdu Normal University,Chengdu Sichuan 611130,China)
出处
《北京教育学院学报》
2025年第4期50-58,共9页
Journal of Beijing Institute of Education
基金
四川省哲学社会科学基金项目“乡村教师优质均衡发展路径与机制研究”(SCJJ23ND17)
四川省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地——四川国际教育发展研究中心课题“学前教育专业毕业实习实践国际比较研究”(2023SCGJ202302)
四川省基础教育研究中心课题“学前师范生教育实习‘活’教学模式建构研究”(JCJY202402)
成都师范学院在职攻读博士学位人员专项科研项目“学前教育师范生毕业实习指导研究”(2023ZZBS2023-10)。
关键词
幼儿园教师
建构游戏
教师指导
单位行动理论
kindergarten teachers
constructive play
instructional guidance
unit act theory
