摘要
为研究我国糖料蔗种植扶持政策的成效,进一步探索政策制定的方向,本文系统梳理了近年来的糖料蔗种植主要扶持政策措施,包括生产补贴(良种、机械化、生产技术推广)、金融与价格支持(预付蔗款、保险、收购定价指导)及其他政策(基础设施建设、良种繁育、生产保护区管理等),并结合全国糖料生产信息监测数据与调研结果分析扶持政策的成效。研究发现:糖料蔗种植扶持政策实施有效遏制了种植面积下滑趋势,2020年以来面积稳定在年均103.24万hm^(2);机械化率显著提升(机耕率近100%,机种率超30%),分步式机收快速推广;2023/24年榨季蔗农增收约87亿元,其中增产增收25亿元,节支38亿元,补贴转化增收24亿元;推动了品种改良、技术应用与产业升级。然而,政策仍存在覆盖面不全、补贴发放延迟、执行质量不高及系统性待提升等问题。研究提出未来应加强生产基地宜机化与水利化建设、优化种苗补贴与绿色技术推广、加大病虫害统防统治扶持、完善政策协同机制等建议,以促进糖料蔗产业高质量发展。
In order to further study the effectiveness of China's sugarcane planting supporting policies and explore the direction of policy formulation,this paper systematically reviewed the main supporting policies and measures in recent years,including production subsidies(improved varieties,mechanization,production technology promotion),financial and price support(advance payment,insurance,purchase pricing guidance)and other policies(infrastructure construction,improved varieties breeding,production reserve management,etc.),and analyzes the effectiveness of the supporting policies combined with the national sugarcane production information monitoring data and research results.The results showed that the implementation of sugarcane planting supporting policies effectively curbed the declining trend of planting area,and the area remained stable at an average annual area of 1.0324 million hm2 after 2020;The mechanization rate was significantly improved(the rate of machine tillage was nearly 100%,and the rate of machine types was more than 30%),and the step-by-step machine harvesting was rapidly promoted;In 2023/24 crushing season,sugarcane farmers'income increased by about 8.7 billion yuan,including 2.5 billion yuan of increased production and income,3.8 billion yuan of savings,and 2.4 billion yuan of increased income from subsidies;At the same time,it promoted variety improvement,technology application and industrial upgrading.However,there are still some problems in the policy,such as incomplete coverage,delayed subsidy distribution,low quality of implementation,and systemic need to be improved.It is suggested that in the future,the construction of production bases suitable for mechanization and water conservancy should be strengthened,seedling subsidies and green technology promotion should be optimized,support for the unified prevention and control of pests and diseases should be increased and the policy coordination mechanism should be improved to promote the high-quality development of sugarcane industry.
作者
胡朝晖
陈常兵
杨本鹏
敖俊华
周文灵
凌婉阳
HU Zhaohui;CHEN Changbing;YANG Benpeng;AO Junhua;ZHOU Wenling;LING Wanyang(Institute of Nanfan&Seed Industry,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510316,Guangdong,China;National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People’s Republic of China,Beijing 100125,China;Institute of Tropical Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,Hainan,China;National Cane Sugar Industry Information Center,Guangzhou 510316,Guangdong,China)
出处
《甘蔗糖业》
2025年第3期1-12,共12页
Sugarcane and Canesugar
基金
农业农村部政府购买服务农业农村经济发展相关监测(A170302-152403004)
国家现代农业糖料产业技术体系专项(CARS-17)。
关键词
糖料
甘蔗
产业政策
扶持政策
甘蔗种植
Sugar crop
Sugarcane
Industrial policies
Supporting policies
Sugarcane planting
