摘要
为了研究秸秆可降解地膜覆盖下节水灌溉稻田杂草的防治效果,设置地膜覆盖和除草剂施用2个因素,其中地膜覆盖层数设置4个水平:F0(无覆盖)、F1(1层覆盖)、F2(2层覆盖)和F3(3层覆盖),除草剂施用量设置3个水平:H0(不施用)、H0.5(全剂量的50%)、H1(全剂量),共12个处理.每个试验小区对应的地膜厚度处理分别设置3个重复以监测杂草数量及种类、杂草生物量、杂草总鲜重等指标.结果表明:覆膜处理能够有效延缓杂草的出现,降低了杂草密度峰值,同时显著减少了杂草鲜重.此外,覆膜还可以减少杂草种类,改变其生存空间和群落分布,进而有效控制杂草特别是优势种杂草的密度.考虑到成本等因素,无除草剂的单层覆盖(F1H0处理)被选为最佳措施.与不覆膜相比,F1H0处理在2次杂草数量峰值的防效分别为75%和78%,累计鲜重防效为77%,在地膜降解前具有100%的杂草防除效果,并显著降低优势种杂草的发生密度.
Effects of biodegradable straw film mulching on weed control in paddy fields under water-saving irrigation were investigated,the experiment included two factors,namely mulch coverage and herbicide application.The mulch treatment was divided into four levels:F0(no mulch),F1(single layer of mulch),F2(double layers of mulch)and F3(triple layers of mulch).The herbicide application was set at three levels:H0(no herbicide),H0.5(50%of the full herbicide dose),and H1(full herbicide dose),resulting in 12 treatment combinations.Each plot in the experiment was replicated three times to monitor indicators such as weed number,species,biomass,and total fresh weight.The results show that mulch treatment effectively delays weed emergence,reduces the frequency of peak weed outbreaks,and significantly decreases weed fresh weight.Additionally,the mulch reduces weed species diversity,alters their habitats and community distribution,and effectively controls dominant weed species densities.Considering cost and other factors,the F1H0 treatment(single-layer mulch without herbicide application)is recommended as a typical weed control measure in paddy fields.Compared to the no mulch option,this treatment achieves weed suppression efficiencies of 75%and 78%respectively during the two peak weed emergence periods,with a cumulative fresh weight reduction of 77%.Before the mulch degrades,it provides 100%weed control effectiveness and significantly reduces the density of dominant weed species.
作者
肖向阳
刘笑吟
程衡
朱莉莉
姚兆洋
蔡钰欣
XIAO Xiangyang;LIU Xiaoyin;CHENG Heng;ZHU Lili;YAO Zhaoyang;CAI Yuxin(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210098,China;Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary(Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design),Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310000,China;Water Affairs and Hydrology Dispatch Center of Kunshan,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215300,China)
出处
《排灌机械工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期620-627,共8页
Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52379037)
淮安市重点研发计划项目(HAN202110)。
关键词
可降解地膜覆盖
除草剂
杂草
节水灌溉
生物量
biodegradable film mulching
herbicides
weeds
water-saving irrigation
biomass
