摘要
目的充分掌握上海市奉贤区中小学教室视觉环境状况,为该区改善学校教室视觉环境提供科学参考依据。方法2022年9月,依据多阶段分层整群抽样对上海市奉贤区7所国家监测点中小学校开展教室环境检测;2023年9月,采取整群随机抽样,拓展检测辖区8所高中学校教室教学环境,依照相关标准评价。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果上海市奉贤区7所国家监测点学校的42间教室,窗地面积比合格率100%,教室人均面积、黑板尺寸(宽)、黑板尺寸(高)、黑板面照度均匀度、课桌面照度均匀度合格率较高(71.40%、85.70%、85.70%、81.00%和71.40%),课桌椅分配符合率、黑板下缘与讲台地面的距离、黑板反射比、黑板面平均照度、课桌面平均照度、采光系数、后(侧)墙反射比合格率较低(合格率分别为23.80%、52.40%、64.30%、50.00%、57.10%、59.50%和45.20%)。高中学校教室人均面积、黑板尺寸(高)、黑板面照度均匀度、课桌面平均照度、课桌面照度均匀度合格率较高(合格率分别为83.33%、100%、91.66%、87.50%和81.25%);课桌椅分配符合率、黑板下缘与讲台地面的距离、黑板反射比、采光系数、多媒体显示器到前排座位的距离合格率低(合格率分别为16.66%、50%、39.58%、52.08%、0.00%)。进行了灯光改造工程的2所高中学校的黑板尺寸、黑板面平均照度合格率(100%、100%)高于未进行灯光改造的高中学校(66.67%、58.33%)(χ^(2)值分别为5.33、7.27,P均<0.05),黑板下缘与讲台地面垂直距离、采光系数、窗地面积比合格率(0、16.67%和0)低于未进行灯光改造的高中学校教室(66.67%、63.89%和80.56%)(χ^(2)值分别为16、8.04、24.42,P均<0.05)。结论上海市奉贤区中小学教室视觉环境仍需改善,教育部门要持续多措并举推进中小学校视觉健康环境改善。
Objective To fully grasp the visual environment of primary and secondary school classrooms in Fengxian District,Shanghai,and to provide scientific reference for improving the classroom visual environment in this district.Methods In September 2022,classroom environment testing was carried out in 7 primary and secondary schools as the national monitoring points in Fengxian District,Shanghai based on multi-stage stratified cluster sampling,and in September 2023,cluster random sampling was adopted to expand the testing of classroom teaching environment of 8 high schools in the jurisdiction and evaluated according to relevant standards.SPSS 26.0 was used for statistically analysis.And the test level wasα=0.05.Results Among the 42 classrooms in 7 national monitoring point schools in Fengxian District,Shanghai,the pass rate of window-to-floor area ratio was 100%,and the pass rates of the per capita area of classrooms,the blackboard size(width),the blackboard size(high),the blackboard illumination uniformity,and the classroom desktop illumination uniformity were higher(71.40%,85.70%,85.70%,81.00%and 71.40%).The pass rates of the desk and chair allocation,the distance between the lower edge of the blackboard and the floor of the lectern,the average reflection ratio of the blackboard,the average illumination of the blackboard surface,the average illumination of the desk,the lighting coefficient,and the reflection ratio of the rear(side)wall were lower(23.80%,52.40%,64.30%,50.00%,57.10%,59.50%and 45.20%).The pass rates of the per capita area of classrooms,the blackboard size(high),the blackboard illumination uniformity,the average illumination of classroom desktop,and the illumination uniformity of classroom desktops were higher in high schools(83.33%,100.00%,91.66%,87.50%and 81.25%).While the pass rates of the desk and chair allocation,the distance between the lower edge of the blackboard and the floor of the podium,the reflection ratio of the blackboard,the lighting coefficient,and the distance from the multimedia display to the front seat were lower(16.66%,50%,39.58%,52.08%and 0.00%).The pass rates of the blackboard size and the average illumination of the blackboard surface(100%and 100%)of the two high schools that carried out the lighting renovation project were higher than those of the high schools without lighting renovation(66.67%and 58.33%)(χ^(2)=5.33 and 7.27,respectively,P<0.05),while the pass rates of the vertical distance between the lower edge of the blackboard and the floor of the podium,the lighting coefficient and the window-to-ground area ratio(0,16.67%and 0)were lower than those of the high school classrooms without lighting renovation(χ^(2)=66.67%,63.89%and 80.56%,respectively,P<0.05).Conclusions The visual environment of primary and secondary school classrooms in Fengxian District,Shanghai still needs to be improved,and the education department should continue to take multiple measures to promote the improvement of the visual health environment of primary and secondary schools.
作者
秦萌
高善西
胡屹
吴若瑶
沈菊华
曹宏涛
QIN Meng;GAO Shanxi;HU Yi;WU Ruoyao;SHEN Juhua;CAO Hongtao(Fengxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201499,China;School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200030,China)
出处
《预防医学情报杂志》
2025年第5期665-672,共8页
Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
基金
奉贤区(社会类)科技发展基金项目(项目编号:20221403)
奉贤区“公卫优才”培养对象学科后备带头人依托项目(项目编号:沪奉卫[2023]31号)。
关键词
教室
视觉环境
中小学
对策
classroom
teaching environment
primary and secondary schools
countermeasures
