摘要
目的分析比较喜德县农村义务教育学生实施营养改善计划后5年、10年的营养状况变化,为评价营养改善计划实施效果提供可靠依据,为营养干预工作提供方向。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,在喜德选择县城有代表性的小学和初中各2所、农村有代表性的小学和初中各3所并确定8个重点监测学校和2个常规监测学校,每个年级抽取1个班(每班约40人左右,男女生各半)。在喜德县农村义务教育营养改善计划实施当年(2012年)、5年(2017年)、10年(2023年)分别在重点监测学校测量学生身高、体重和血红蛋白值,常规监测学校仅测量身高、体重。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行生长发育和贫血指标的统计描述、用卡方检验和趋势卡方检验对营养不良、超重、肥胖进行统计分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果喜德县农村义务教育营养改善计划实施当年、5年、10年学生营养不良率分别为38.68%、27.43%和16.03%,呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=225.32,P<0.001);学生贫血率分别为19.67%、5.90%和3.53%,呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=234.66,P<0.001);学生超重率分别为5.18%、6.86%和8.81%,呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=11.83,P<0.001);学生肥胖率分别为2.96%、3.77%和14.14%,呈上升的趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=191.25,P<0.001)。结论凉山州喜德县在实施营养改善计划10年来,学生生长发育水平得到明显改善,学生营养不良率呈下降趋势,学生贫血率也明显下降,贫血状况得以纠正,但与全国农村学生相比仍有差距,学生超重和肥胖率呈逐年上升趋势,提示喜德县农村义务教育学生的营养状况面临营养不良尚未完全解决、超重肥胖检出率逐渐上升的双重挑战情况,在今后在开展的学生营养改善工作时需做到防控营养不良和超重肥胖齐抓共管。
Objective To analyze and compare the nutritional status of rural compulsory education students in Xide County after the implementation of nutrition improvement plan for 5 years and 10 years,so as to provide reliable basis for evaluating the implementation effect of nutrition improvement plan and provide direction for nutrition intervention.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 2 representative primary schools and 2 representative junior high schools in the county and 3 representative primary schools and 3 representative junior high schools in rural areas as monitoring schools,and among them,8 priority monitoring schools and 2 routine monitoring schools were identified.One class was selected from each grade(about 40 students in each class,half of them were male and half of them were female).In county rural compulsory education nutrition improvement plan implementation year(2012),5 years(2017),10 years(2023)in key monitoring schools to measure the height,weight and hemoglobin,those data of the monitoring students were collected.SPSS22.0 was used for statistical description and analysis of growth and anemia indicators,Chi-square test and trend Chi-squre test were used for statistical analysis of malnutrition,overweight and obesity,and the test level wasα=0.05.Results In 2012,2017,and 2023,the malnutrition rates of students were 38.68%,27.43%,16.03%,respectively,showing a decreasing trend year by year(χ_(trend)^(2)=225.32,P<0.001);The anemia rates of students were 19.67%,5.90%,3.53%,respectively,also showing a decreasing trend year by year(χ_(trend)^(2)=234.66,P<0.001);The overweight rates of students were 5.18%,6.86%,8.81%,respectively,showing an increasing trend year by year(χ_(trend)^(2)=11.83,P<0.001);The obesity rates of students were 2.96%,3.77%,14.14%,respectively,also showing an increasing trend year by year(χ_(trend)^(2)=191.25,P<0.001).Conclusions The nutrition improvement program has been implemented in Xide County,Liangshan for 10 years,and the growth and development of students has been significantly improved.The malnutrition rate of students has been decreasing year by year,and the anemia rate of students has also been decreasing significantly,and the anemia situation has been corrected,but there is still a gap compared with rural students in China.The overweight and obesity rate of students has been increasing year by year,so they are facing the double challenges of malnutrition that has not been completely solved and the gradual increase of overweight and obesity.In the future,the prevention and control of malnutrition and overweight and obesity should be carried out together.
作者
侯莉
邓明菊
万洪丽
HOU Li;DENG Mingju;WAN Hongli(Xide County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xide 616750,Sichuan Province,China;Liangshan Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xichang 615000,Sichuan Province,China)
出处
《预防医学情报杂志》
2025年第5期659-664,共6页
Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
关键词
农村义务教育
营养改善
生长发育
rural compulsory education
improved nutrition
growth and development
